抗战时期安徽县政改革研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 13:13

【摘要】：国民政府统治时期的安徽县政改革,经历了抗战前地方自治试办阶段、“剿匪”体制下保甲制推行阶段、抗战初期新桂系对基层行政的改革以及“新县制”在安徽的推行,共四个历史阶段。抗战爆发前,作为国民政府能够直接统治的省份,安徽的县政改革出于与红军作战的需要,经历了地方自治筹办与保甲制推行之间的转换。抗战爆发后,安徽沦为战区,其原有县及以下基层行政组织因日军入侵和长期“剿匪”体制下的弊端无法适应抗战需要而走到崩溃边缘。1938年初新桂系掌握安徽省政府后,依据广西经验、国民政府政策和安徽实际,对安徽县政在机构设置、组织原则、人员选用、政令施行等方面进行了改革。20世纪40年代,国民政府在安徽推行“新县制”,融自治于保甲,一面力图恢复地方自治、一面不放弃保甲制。由于中央“新县制”参考了抗战前广西县政的经验,因此,抗战时期两阶段的改革有一以贯之的深化趋势。总的来看,抗战时期安徽县政改革在一定程度上转变了抗战前土劣把持基层行政的局面,改善了民生,提高了基层政府动员民众抗战的能力,皖省基层民意机构及民主制度也得到从无到有的发展,为安徽省政府在身处敌后、日伪封锁的不利条件下坚持抗战直至最后胜利提供了物质与精神保障。但由于各种不利因素制约,改革未能彻底革除贪污和摊派,这些现象到抗战后期呈复萌与日益严重趋势,民众生活条件未得到根本改善,其基层民主权利的行使亦多流于形式。
[Abstract]:The reform of the county administration in Anhui during the period of the National Government's rule had gone through the trial stage of local autonomy before the Anti-Japanese War, the stage of carrying out the "bandit suppression" system, the reform of the grass-roots administration of the New Guizi Department in the early period of the War of Resistance against Japan, and the implementation of the "new county system" in Anhui. There are four stages of history. Before the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the reform of the county government in Anhui, as a province under the direct rule of the National Government, experienced the transition between the preparation of local autonomy and the implementation of the system of the Pao Jia system for the sake of fighting against the Red Army. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, Anhui was reduced to a war zone, and its original administrative organizations at the county level and below were unable to adapt to the needs of the War of Resistance because of the Japanese invasion and the shortcomings of the long-term system of "suppressing bandits". According to the experience of Guangxi, the policy of the national government and the reality of Anhui, the reform of the county administration in Anhui has been carried out in the aspects of organization setting, organization principle, personnel selection, execution of the decree, etc. In the 1940s, the National Government carried out the "new county system" in Anhui. Integration of autonomy in Baojia, while trying to restore local autonomy, on the one hand do not give up the system. Since the central "new county system" referred to the experience of Guangxi county government before the Anti-Japanese War, the reform in the two stages of the Anti-Japanese War had a tendency of deepening. In general, the county government reform in Anhui during the Anti-Japanese War changed to a certain extent the situation of poor control of grass-roots administration by the soil before the Anti-Japanese War, improved the people's livelihood, and enhanced the ability of the grassroots government to mobilize the masses to resist the war. The grass-roots public opinion organization and democratic system in Anhui Province have also been developed from scratch, which provides the material and spiritual guarantee for Anhui Provincial Government to persist in the Anti-Japanese War until the final victory under the unfavorable conditions of the enemy behind the enemy and the blockade of the Japanese and pseudo-Japanese. However, due to various unfavorable factors, the reform failed to completely eliminate corruption and apportion. These phenomena showed a tendency of relapse and increasingly serious in the late stage of the War of Resistance against Japan, and the living conditions of the people were not fundamentally improved, and the exercise of democratic rights at the grass-roots level was often a mere formality.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265

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