“文革”时期曲阜“破四旧”运动述略
发布时间：2018-11-07 07:59
【摘要】： “破四旧”运动是发生在“文革”初期的一个特定事件,这场运动首先从北京开始,后在官方舆论宣传工具的鼓惑以及“左”倾思潮的影响下,运动迅速蔓延到全国各地。 “破四旧”运动初期,曲阜县委领导干部顶住压力,援引文物保护条例,把“三孔”与“四旧”区别开来,较好的保护了“三孔”。但是,在以谭厚兰为首的北师大毛泽东思想红卫兵井冈山战斗团来到曲阜以后,“破四旧”运动脱离了原有轨道,演变成一场“打倒孔家店”、“造孔家店的反”的“讨孔”运动。 曲阜的“破四旧”运动,一方面具有全国“破四旧”运动的共同色彩：如风风火火的改名风潮,将所谓“散发资本主义、封建主义霉味”的村庄名、街道名、地名、商店名、人名等,改换成带有革命色彩的名称；如取消一切庙会,拆除各种牌坊；如对婚丧嫁娶等各种传统的风俗习惯进行改革；如对服务行业和文艺界、宗教的冲击；甚至是乱批斗、抄家之风也如出一辙。另一方面,曲阜的“破四旧”运动受到中央文革小组的操纵和支持,在其纵容下的以谭厚兰为首的“讨孔”运动成为曲阜“破四旧”运动的重中之重,也成为曲阜“破四旧”运动的特色内容。 仅从表面来看,“破四旧”运动中破除一些陈旧的礼俗习惯、风俗迷信等,是具有社会进步意义的。但是,由于这场运动是为“文化大革命”的开展铺路的,它对于“新”和“旧”的概念没有科学、正确的标准和态度,加之红卫兵政治上不成熟、缺乏社会经验,被林彪、江青一伙利用,致使运动迅速演变成一场砸文物、毁古迹、批斗、抄家等具有强制性的破坏运动。 伴随着“文化大革命”的升级,四人帮争权夺利斗争的加剧,“破四旧”运动逐渐淡出人们的视野,退出了历史舞台。 回顾“破四旧”运动的历史,它非但未能实现“破旧立新”,推动社会的进步,反而给曲阜的政治、经济、文化、教育、社会生活等各个领域带来了巨大的负面影响,造成了社会的动荡和历史的倒退,个中经验值得深思。
[Abstract]:The "break the four Old" movement was a special event in the early period of the "Cultural Revolution", which began in Beijing, and then spread to all parts of the country under the influence of the propaganda tools of official public opinion and the "left" trend of thought. At the beginning of the movement of "breaking the four old", the leading cadres of the Qufu county party committee withstood the pressure, invoked the cultural relics protection regulations, distinguished the "three holes" from the "four old ones", and better protected the "three holes." However, after the Jinggangshan Battle Regiment, Mao Zedong thought Red Guards, headed by Tan Houlan, came to Qufu, the movement of "breaking the four old" broke away from its original track and evolved into a "down with the Kongjiadian". The "struggle for holes" movement of "making Confucius shops". The movement of "breaking the four old" in Qufu, on the one hand, has the common color of the national movement of "breaking down the four old": for example, the stormy change of name, the name of the village, the name of the street, the name of the place, the name of the shop, the so called "capitalism, feudalism, mildew". The name of person is changed into the name with revolutionary color; Such as the abolition of all temple fairs, demolition of various archways, such as marriage, funeral and other traditional customs of reform, such as the service industry and literary and art, the impact of religion; even disorderly criticism, copy the same style of home. On the other hand, Qufu's "breaking the four old" movement was manipulated and supported by the Central Cultural Revolution Group, and the "Ganggong" movement led by Tan Hou-lan, led by Tan Houlan, became the most important part of Qufu's "breaking the four old" movement. Also become Qufu, "break the four old" movement characteristic content. On the surface, breaking down some old customs, customs and superstitions in the movement of "breaking the four old" is of great significance for social progress. However, as the movement paved the way for the "Cultural Revolution," it had no science for the concepts of "new" and "old", correct standards and attitudes, and the Red Guards were politically immature and lacking social experience. Jiang Qing and his gang used it to quickly turn the movement into a forced destruction campaign, such as smashing cultural relics, destroying monuments, criticizing families, and so on. With the escalation of the "Cultural Revolution" and the intensification of the struggle for power by the Gang of four, the movement of "breaking the old" gradually faded out of people's vision and withdrew from the historical stage. Recalling the history of the Movement of "Breaking the four Old", which has not only failed to achieve "breaking the old and building new" and promoted social progress, but has had a tremendous negative impact on the political, economic, cultural, educational, social and other fields of life in Qufu, Has caused the social turbulence and the historical retrogression, the experience is worth pondering.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27
本文编号：2315711
[Abstract]:The "break the four Old" movement was a special event in the early period of the "Cultural Revolution", which began in Beijing, and then spread to all parts of the country under the influence of the propaganda tools of official public opinion and the "left" trend of thought. At the beginning of the movement of "breaking the four old", the leading cadres of the Qufu county party committee withstood the pressure, invoked the cultural relics protection regulations, distinguished the "three holes" from the "four old ones", and better protected the "three holes." However, after the Jinggangshan Battle Regiment, Mao Zedong thought Red Guards, headed by Tan Houlan, came to Qufu, the movement of "breaking the four old" broke away from its original track and evolved into a "down with the Kongjiadian". The "struggle for holes" movement of "making Confucius shops". The movement of "breaking the four old" in Qufu, on the one hand, has the common color of the national movement of "breaking down the four old": for example, the stormy change of name, the name of the village, the name of the street, the name of the place, the name of the shop, the so called "capitalism, feudalism, mildew". The name of person is changed into the name with revolutionary color; Such as the abolition of all temple fairs, demolition of various archways, such as marriage, funeral and other traditional customs of reform, such as the service industry and literary and art, the impact of religion; even disorderly criticism, copy the same style of home. On the other hand, Qufu's "breaking the four old" movement was manipulated and supported by the Central Cultural Revolution Group, and the "Ganggong" movement led by Tan Hou-lan, led by Tan Houlan, became the most important part of Qufu's "breaking the four old" movement. Also become Qufu, "break the four old" movement characteristic content. On the surface, breaking down some old customs, customs and superstitions in the movement of "breaking the four old" is of great significance for social progress. However, as the movement paved the way for the "Cultural Revolution," it had no science for the concepts of "new" and "old", correct standards and attitudes, and the Red Guards were politically immature and lacking social experience. Jiang Qing and his gang used it to quickly turn the movement into a forced destruction campaign, such as smashing cultural relics, destroying monuments, criticizing families, and so on. With the escalation of the "Cultural Revolution" and the intensification of the struggle for power by the Gang of four, the movement of "breaking the old" gradually faded out of people's vision and withdrew from the historical stage. Recalling the history of the Movement of "Breaking the four Old", which has not only failed to achieve "breaking the old and building new" and promoted social progress, but has had a tremendous negative impact on the political, economic, cultural, educational, social and other fields of life in Qufu, Has caused the social turbulence and the historical retrogression, the experience is worth pondering.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K27
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 何立波;;荒诞的破“回旧”[J];党史天地;2006年02期
，本文编号：2315711
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