中间党派的两次民主宪政运动述论
发布时间：2018-11-07 15:53
【摘要】：抗战中后期中间党派利用国民党关于宪政的口号，与中共同心协力，在国统区组织发动了两次民主宪政运动，促进了国家政治民主化进程，并为中国共产党与民主党派的长期合作奠定了政治基础。 全面抗战爆发后，蒋介石迫于国难危机深重的政治形势，先后设立国民参政会的前身国防参政会（1937年8月17日）和国民参政会（1938年7月6日——1948年3月28日）作为战时民意机构，从而为各在野的中间党派以及中共参政议政和从事促进宪政的政治活动提供了合法的政治平台。抗战中后期中间党派以国民参政会为政治平台，通过研拟宪法草案、向参政会提出议案，召开宪政座谈会，成立宪政研究会、舆论宣传等多种形式，在大后方先后发起、推动了两次宪政运动高潮，但是这两次宪政运动均以失败告终，标志性历史事件分别为1940年4月1日“期成宪草”在国民参政会一届五次会议上被蒋介石搁置起来，1940年9月18日国民党5届157次中常会以战事不便为借口，将国民大会拖延至战后1946年11月召开国民党一手包办的伪制宪国大，通过所谓《中华民国宪法》，确立了总统独裁制。由于国民党坚持独裁统治，镇压民主宪政运动，反而坚定了各民主党派与国民党斗争到底的决心和中共长期合作的信念，1949年1月，各民主党派及无党派民主人士55名代表发表了《对时局的意见》，明确承认了中共在中国革命中的领导地位，并同中共一道共同缔造了新中国。 本文分成三章来阐述。第一章主要阐述作为抗战中后期国统区第一次民主宪政运动的发起者的中间党派的一系列历史活动。抗战爆发后，中间党派以国民参政会为平台发起国统区第一次民主宪政运动，并督促蒋介石成立宪政期成会，，形成期成宪草，成为第一次宪政运动最有意义的宪政成果；第二章主要阐述中间党派在推动第二次民主宪政运动进一步发展进程中的一系列历史活动，其中包括中国民盟的改组、中共联合政府主张的提出、1946年政协通过的政协宪草修改原则12条等；第三章主要分析两次民主宪政运动的异同点、历史的启迪以及结论。抗战时期的两次民主宪政运动，性质都是资产阶级民主运动，都是为反对国民党一党专政的独裁统治，争取人民的自由民主权利，实行真正的宪政，确保抗战的胜利而在我国为实现民主政治所做出的不懈努力。历史证明，中间党派只有承认和接受中共新民主主义宪政模式才是唯一正确的历史选择，中间党派的资产阶级民主共和国建国方案是根本行不通的。中国当代的民主宪政建设也必需以农村社会为建设重点，也必需依靠中国共产党的领导。
[Abstract]:In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, using the slogans of the Kuomintang on constitutionalism and working together with the Chinese Communists, the middle and late parties organized two democratic constitutional movements in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang, thus promoting the process of political democratization in the country. And has laid the political foundation for the long-term cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the democratic parties. After the outbreak of the full-scale War of Resistance against Japan, Jiang Jieshi was forced by the deep political situation of the national crisis. The National Council for political participation, the predecessor of the National Council for political Affairs (August 17, 1937) and the National Council for political participation (July 6, 1938-March 28, 1948), were established as wartime public opinion bodies. Thus, it provides a legal political platform for the opposition centrist parties and the Communist Party of China to participate in politics and engage in political activities to promote constitutionalism. In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, the centrist parties took the National participation in Politics Conference as a political platform and initiated it in the rear area successively by studying the draft constitution, proposing motions to the political participation committee, convening a constitutional forum, setting up a constitutional government research institute, and publicity by public opinion, and so on. It pushed forward the climax of the two constitutional movements, but the two constitutional movements ended in failure. The landmark historical event was the "constitutionalism draft" on April 1, 1940, which was shelved by Jiang Jieshi at one of the five sessions of the National Council for political participation. On 18 September 1940, on the pretext of inconveniences in the war, the National Assembly was delayed to the post-war pseudo-constitutional Congress of the Kuomintang, which was organized by the Kuomintang in November 1946, and adopted the so-called "Constitution of the Republic of China" to establish the dictatorship of the President, under the pretext of the inconveniences of the war at the 5th Central standing Committee of the Kuomintang on September 18, 1940. Because of the Kuomintang's adherence to dictatorship and the suppression of the democratic constitutional movement, on the contrary, it strengthened the determination of the democratic parties to fight against the Kuomintang to the end and the conviction of the Chinese Communists to cooperate for a long time. January 1949, The 55 deputies of the democratic parties and non-party Democrats issued their opinions on the current situation, explicitly recognizing the leading position of the CPC in the Chinese revolution, and working together with the CPC to create a new China. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds a series of historical activities of the middle and late period of the Anti-Japanese War as the initiator of the first democratic constitutionalism movement in the Kuomintang-controlled areas of the Anti-Japanese War. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the middle parties launched the first democratic constitutional movement in the Kuomintang controlled area on the platform of the National Council for political participation, and urged Jiang Jieshi to set up a session of constitutionalism, form a constitutional constitution, and become the most meaningful constitutional achievement of the first constitutional movement. The second chapter mainly describes a series of historical activities of the centrist party in promoting the further development of the second democratic constitutional movement, including the reorganization of the Chinese Democratic League and the proposal of the CPC coalition government. In 1946, the CPPCC adopted 12 principles for amending the constitution of the CPPCC; The third chapter mainly analyzes the similarities and differences of the two democratic constitutional movements, historical enlightenment and conclusions. The two democratic constitutional movements during the War of Resistance against Japan were both bourgeois democratic movements in nature. They were designed to oppose the dictatorship of the Kuomintang's one-party dictatorship and to fight for the people's right to freedom and democracy and to practise genuine constitutionalism. The unremitting efforts to achieve democratic politics in our country to ensure the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. History has proved that the only correct historical choice is for the middle parties to recognize and accept the new democratic constitutional model of the Communist Party of China, and the plan for the establishment of the bourgeois democratic republic of the intermediate parties simply does not work. The construction of China's contemporary democratic constitutionalism must also focus on the rural society and rely on the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K265
本文编号：2316828
[Abstract]:In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, using the slogans of the Kuomintang on constitutionalism and working together with the Chinese Communists, the middle and late parties organized two democratic constitutional movements in the areas under the control of the Kuomintang, thus promoting the process of political democratization in the country. And has laid the political foundation for the long-term cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the democratic parties. After the outbreak of the full-scale War of Resistance against Japan, Jiang Jieshi was forced by the deep political situation of the national crisis. The National Council for political participation, the predecessor of the National Council for political Affairs (August 17, 1937) and the National Council for political participation (July 6, 1938-March 28, 1948), were established as wartime public opinion bodies. Thus, it provides a legal political platform for the opposition centrist parties and the Communist Party of China to participate in politics and engage in political activities to promote constitutionalism. In the middle and late stages of the Anti-Japanese War, the centrist parties took the National participation in Politics Conference as a political platform and initiated it in the rear area successively by studying the draft constitution, proposing motions to the political participation committee, convening a constitutional forum, setting up a constitutional government research institute, and publicity by public opinion, and so on. It pushed forward the climax of the two constitutional movements, but the two constitutional movements ended in failure. The landmark historical event was the "constitutionalism draft" on April 1, 1940, which was shelved by Jiang Jieshi at one of the five sessions of the National Council for political participation. On 18 September 1940, on the pretext of inconveniences in the war, the National Assembly was delayed to the post-war pseudo-constitutional Congress of the Kuomintang, which was organized by the Kuomintang in November 1946, and adopted the so-called "Constitution of the Republic of China" to establish the dictatorship of the President, under the pretext of the inconveniences of the war at the 5th Central standing Committee of the Kuomintang on September 18, 1940. Because of the Kuomintang's adherence to dictatorship and the suppression of the democratic constitutional movement, on the contrary, it strengthened the determination of the democratic parties to fight against the Kuomintang to the end and the conviction of the Chinese Communists to cooperate for a long time. January 1949, The 55 deputies of the democratic parties and non-party Democrats issued their opinions on the current situation, explicitly recognizing the leading position of the CPC in the Chinese revolution, and working together with the CPC to create a new China. This paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter mainly expounds a series of historical activities of the middle and late period of the Anti-Japanese War as the initiator of the first democratic constitutionalism movement in the Kuomintang-controlled areas of the Anti-Japanese War. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the middle parties launched the first democratic constitutional movement in the Kuomintang controlled area on the platform of the National Council for political participation, and urged Jiang Jieshi to set up a session of constitutionalism, form a constitutional constitution, and become the most meaningful constitutional achievement of the first constitutional movement. The second chapter mainly describes a series of historical activities of the centrist party in promoting the further development of the second democratic constitutional movement, including the reorganization of the Chinese Democratic League and the proposal of the CPC coalition government. In 1946, the CPPCC adopted 12 principles for amending the constitution of the CPPCC; The third chapter mainly analyzes the similarities and differences of the two democratic constitutional movements, historical enlightenment and conclusions. The two democratic constitutional movements during the War of Resistance against Japan were both bourgeois democratic movements in nature. They were designed to oppose the dictatorship of the Kuomintang's one-party dictatorship and to fight for the people's right to freedom and democracy and to practise genuine constitutionalism. The unremitting efforts to achieve democratic politics in our country to ensure the victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. History has proved that the only correct historical choice is for the middle parties to recognize and accept the new democratic constitutional model of the Communist Party of China, and the plan for the establishment of the bourgeois democratic republic of the intermediate parties simply does not work. The construction of China's contemporary democratic constitutionalism must also focus on the rural society and rely on the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K265
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