建国初期甘肃自然灾害及救助研究（1949-1957）

发布时间：2018-11-17 14:53

【摘要】：中华人民共和国成立以后,甘肃省各种自然灾害不断发生。尤其在建国初期,灾情仍很严重。但是,在优越的社会主义制度下,全省各级政府领导人民群众与自然灾害作斗争,最终使灾害给人民造成的损失相对逐步减轻,灾民的基本生活得到保障,农业生产得到恢复与发展。基本上结束了旧社会“有灾必有荒”的历史。本文第一部分对建国初期甘肃自然灾害做一概述,主要以旱灾为主,另附以雹、水、风、霜冻等灾害。分析了自然灾害的发生有自然和社会两方面的原因。自然因素主要是囿于甘肃特殊的地理及气候条件;社会因素主要是甘肃对自然环境的重要性认识不够,加之建国前特殊的环境,导致水利失修。加重了灾害的发生。第二部分主要是救助的方针、政策及救助机构建立及步骤的实施。论述了建国初期灾害救助的方针、政策及随着民政机构和特殊的救灾机构的设立,灾害救助工作有效地开展起来,充分显示了救灾领导机构的重要性。第三部分主要论述这一时期甘肃政府、民间以及灾民自身对自然灾害的应对措施。政府主要采取了拨发救济粮、贷放义仓、灾歉公粮减免及通过返销粮来救助灾民。其中政府通过采取一系列措施有效地解决了灾民盲目流动的问题。民间主要开展了节约募捐和自由借贷的运动,有效配合了政府救济的不足。除了政府及民间救助之外,大力组织群众开展副业生产、恢复发展农业生产、以工代赈等有效的自救措施,顺利地渡过灾荒。第四部分对建国初期甘肃的灾害救助工作取得成绩的同时,存在的问题及社会意义做一论述,总结其经验教训。为当今甘肃的“救灾、减灾、防灾”服务,也为其灾害救助工作提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, a variety of natural disasters have occurred in Gansu Province. Especially in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the disaster was still very serious. However, under the superior socialist system, the provincial governments at all levels led the masses of the people to struggle against natural disasters, resulting in a relatively gradual reduction in the losses caused by disasters and the protection of the basic livelihood of the victims. Agricultural production has been restored and developed. Basically put an end to the old society, "there are disasters, there is famine" history. The first part of this paper gives an overview of the natural disasters in Gansu in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, mainly drought, hail, water, wind, frost and so on. The causes of natural disasters are analyzed in both natural and social aspects. The natural factors are mainly confined to the special geographical and climatic conditions in Gansu, and the social factors are mainly due to the lack of understanding of the importance of the natural environment and the special environment before the founding of the people's Republic of China, which led to the water conservancy disrepair. It aggravated the occurrence of disasters. The second part is mainly about the principle, policy, establishment and implementation of the rescue organization. This paper discusses the principles and policies of disaster relief in the early period of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and with the establishment of civil administration and special disaster relief organizations, the disaster relief work has been carried out effectively, which fully shows the importance of the leading organizations for disaster relief. The third part mainly discusses the natural disaster response measures of Gansu government, civil society and disaster victims themselves. The government mainly allocates relief grain, loans and stores, relief and relief of public grain and relief of the victims through the return of grain. Among them, the government adopted a series of measures to effectively solve the problem of blind flow of victims. Folk mainly carried out the campaign of saving donations and free borrowing, which effectively coordinated with the shortage of government relief. In addition to the government and non-governmental assistance, vigorously organize the masses to carry out sideline production, restore and develop agricultural production, relief for work and other effective self-help measures to smoothly tide over the famine. The fourth part discusses the problems and social significance of Gansu's disaster relief work in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and summarizes its experience and lessons. It also provides reference for Gansu's disaster relief, disaster reduction and disaster prevention.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27

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