侵华日军对成都的无差别轰炸研究
发布时间：2018-11-18 17:07
【摘要】：抗战时期,随着国府迁渝,四川的战略地位迅速提升,成为了中国持久抗战最重要的后方基地。其省会城市成都也充当了抗战大后方仅次于重庆的军政中心、抗战大后方最重要的空军战略基地和物资基地,成为了侵华日军无差别轰炸的重点目标之一。为了摧毁中国的空军基地,切断成都乃至整个四川地区对前方主战场的援助,动摇大后方人民的抗战意志。从1938年到1944年,侵华日军先后31次对成都及其周边地区进行了不分军事设施和民用设施的“无差别轰炸”。根据日机轰炸的频率和强度,可将其轰炸过程分为试探性轰炸、“101号作战”轰炸和“102号作战”轰炸三个阶段。综观这31次轰炸,表现出明显的时空分布规律。时间分布上,日军的轰炸主要集中在1939年至1941年中的5至10月;空间分布上,日机侧重于轰炸军事机场和市区中的军事目标。日军的无差别轰炸规模大、覆盖面广,在成都制造了5次重大惨案。导致重大惨案的原因是多方面的,既有日方轰炸方面的原因,如大规模连续轰炸,投弹数量多且集中于市区,武器装备先进等;又有中方防空方面的原因,如积极防空力量薄弱,消极防空设施不充实、避难市民目标暴露,市民防空意识薄弱,防空救济力量不充实等。日军的无差别轰炸导致了成都在人口伤亡和财产损失方面的巨大损失。人口伤亡分为直接和间接两种,合计共造成2005人死亡和3561人受伤;财产损失分为社会财产损失和居民财产损失两种,合计共63亿9042万8065元(折算后)+5400000美元。尤以中心城区的伤亡和损失最严重,轰炸造成普通市民的伤亡和损失最惨重。日军的无差别轰炸对成都产生了互相对立的双重影响:一方面日军的轰炸使数千栋房屋建筑化为废墟,城市发展受到阻碍,使人口伤亡和财产损失甚巨,使市民心理恐慌和精神紧张,在空袭笼罩的阴影下艰难求生;另一方面,为应对日军的轰炸,成都市大规模的人口疏散到郊区,客观上促进了城市的发展,在灾难面前成都人民发扬不屈不挠、愈炸愈勇的精神,顽强抵抗,在跑警报中创造出各种“抗战快餐”,后来发展为成都的地方特色“名小吃”。
[Abstract]:During the War of Resistance against Japan, the strategic position of Sichuan rose rapidly, and became the most important rear base of China's protracted War of Resistance. Chengdu, the provincial capital, also served as the military and political center behind Chongqing in the War of Resistance. The most important air force strategic base and material base in the rear area of the War of Resistance against Japan became one of the key targets of the Japanese invasion of China. In order to destroy the Chinese air force base, cut off Chengdu and even the whole Sichuan area to the aid of the main battlefield ahead, shake the will of the people in the rear area. From 1938 to 1944, Japanese invaders bombed Chengdu and its surrounding areas 31 times without distinction between military and civilian installations. According to the frequency and intensity of Japanese aircraft bombing, the bombing process can be divided into three stages: tentative bombing, "Battle 101" bombing and "Operation 102" bombing. The 31 bombardments show obvious temporal and spatial distribution. In terms of time distribution, Japanese bombing was mainly concentrated in May to October from 1939 to 1941, and in space distribution, Japanese aircraft focused on bombing military targets in military airfields and urban areas. The Japanese army's indiscriminate bombing was large and widespread, causing five major tragedies in Chengdu. There are many reasons leading to the tragedy, such as large scale continuous bombing, large number of bombs and concentrated in urban areas, advanced weapons and so on. There are also reasons for China's air defense, such as weak active air defense forces, inadequate passive air defense facilities, exposure of sheltered civilian targets, weak awareness of civil air defense, inadequate air defense relief forces, and so on. The Japanese army's indiscriminate bombing resulted in huge losses in terms of population casualties and property losses in Chengdu. The total number of casualties was 2005 deaths and 3561 injuries, and the loss of property was divided into social property losses and residential property losses, totalling 6.3 billion, 90.42 million, 8065 yuan (converted) $5400000. The casualties and losses were the most severe in the central district, and the most serious among the ordinary citizens caused by the bombing. The indiscriminate bombing of the Japanese army had a dual effect on Chengdu: on the one hand, the Japanese bombing left thousands of houses in ruins, hindered the development of the city, and caused great casualties and property losses. Make the citizen psychological panic and mental tension, in the shadow of air strikes difficult to survive; On the other hand, in response to the Japanese bombing, the large-scale evacuation of the population to the suburbs of Chengdu has objectively promoted the development of the city. In the face of the disaster, the Chengdu people carried forward their indomitable spirit, the more they blew up, the more brave they became, and they resisted tenaciously. In the running alarm created a variety of "anti-Japanese fast food," later developed into Chengdu's local characteristics of "famous snacks."
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265
本文编号：2340612
[Abstract]:During the War of Resistance against Japan, the strategic position of Sichuan rose rapidly, and became the most important rear base of China's protracted War of Resistance. Chengdu, the provincial capital, also served as the military and political center behind Chongqing in the War of Resistance. The most important air force strategic base and material base in the rear area of the War of Resistance against Japan became one of the key targets of the Japanese invasion of China. In order to destroy the Chinese air force base, cut off Chengdu and even the whole Sichuan area to the aid of the main battlefield ahead, shake the will of the people in the rear area. From 1938 to 1944, Japanese invaders bombed Chengdu and its surrounding areas 31 times without distinction between military and civilian installations. According to the frequency and intensity of Japanese aircraft bombing, the bombing process can be divided into three stages: tentative bombing, "Battle 101" bombing and "Operation 102" bombing. The 31 bombardments show obvious temporal and spatial distribution. In terms of time distribution, Japanese bombing was mainly concentrated in May to October from 1939 to 1941, and in space distribution, Japanese aircraft focused on bombing military targets in military airfields and urban areas. The Japanese army's indiscriminate bombing was large and widespread, causing five major tragedies in Chengdu. There are many reasons leading to the tragedy, such as large scale continuous bombing, large number of bombs and concentrated in urban areas, advanced weapons and so on. There are also reasons for China's air defense, such as weak active air defense forces, inadequate passive air defense facilities, exposure of sheltered civilian targets, weak awareness of civil air defense, inadequate air defense relief forces, and so on. The Japanese army's indiscriminate bombing resulted in huge losses in terms of population casualties and property losses in Chengdu. The total number of casualties was 2005 deaths and 3561 injuries, and the loss of property was divided into social property losses and residential property losses, totalling 6.3 billion, 90.42 million, 8065 yuan (converted) $5400000. The casualties and losses were the most severe in the central district, and the most serious among the ordinary citizens caused by the bombing. The indiscriminate bombing of the Japanese army had a dual effect on Chengdu: on the one hand, the Japanese bombing left thousands of houses in ruins, hindered the development of the city, and caused great casualties and property losses. Make the citizen psychological panic and mental tension, in the shadow of air strikes difficult to survive; On the other hand, in response to the Japanese bombing, the large-scale evacuation of the population to the suburbs of Chengdu has objectively promoted the development of the city. In the face of the disaster, the Chengdu people carried forward their indomitable spirit, the more they blew up, the more brave they became, and they resisted tenaciously. In the running alarm created a variety of "anti-Japanese fast food," later developed into Chengdu's local characteristics of "famous snacks."
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265
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