康有为国防建设思想述论
发布时间：2018-11-20 07:37
【摘要】： 以往研究康有为思想的论著很多,但是大多集中在对他政治、经济思想的研究上,对国防思想的研究涉及不多,即使偶有涉及,也是其中个别时间段(如戊戌变法时期),缺乏对他整体国防思想的探讨。本文试图在这一方面有所突破,力求通过对他国防思想的整体总结和研究,探讨其中的先进性和局限性,为今天的国防建设提供历史借鉴。 19世纪末,中华民族处于生死存亡的紧要关头,一些先进的知识分子,顺应时代要求,展开了一系列挽救民族危亡的活动,康有为即是其中的代表。他书写多个领域的改革理论,并积极宣传和实践这些理论,本文主要论述的是他理论中国防建设方面的内容并做了简要评述。 文章共分五部分,第一部分引言,简要介绍了前人研究康有为国防建设思想的成果、不足及意义。第二部分十九世纪中后期中国的社会状况,从当时中国社会面临的内外形势、经济和阶级结构的变动、中国社会思想的演变三个方面基本说明了康有为所处的时代背景及推动他国防思想产生的原因。第三部分康有为的国防建设思想,近代以来中国的边防危机引发康有为的思考,并提出了具体巩固边防的建议,如督抚治疆、重兵防边、废省存府等,不仅通过增加驻军加强边防,而且从行政建制方面改革中央对地方的管理。局限性在于康有为人微言轻,无法将建议付诸实践。此外,对省制的绝对否定也不尽合理。第四部分关于国防建设的几点建议,从五个方面较全面的概括和总结了康有为关于加强军事实力,巩固国防的具体实施理论。理论虽好,但基于清政府积贫积弱的局面以及思想的相对落后,实在缺乏足够的政府支持及财力等将其实践。第五部分结束语,对康有为的国防建设思想做了评价,建议虽未付诸于实践,但对后来的国防巩固、军队建设起了指导作用,同时,他勇于探索的精神和强烈的国家责任感也值得后人学习。 本文在运用史料的基础上,对康有为的国防建设思想做了较全面的整理,并给予了一定的评价,希望对康有为及其国防建设思想有更客观更全面的认识。
[Abstract]:In the past, there were a lot of works on Kang Youwei's thought, but most of them focused on his political and economic thoughts, but the research on national defense thought was not much. Even if occasionally involved, it was also a few of the time periods (such as the Reform Movement of 1898). There is a lack of discussion of his overall national defense thinking. This paper attempts to make a breakthrough in this respect and tries to explore its advanced nature and limitations by summing up and studying his national defense thought so as to provide historical reference for today's national defense construction. At the end of the 19th century, the Chinese nation was in the critical moment of survival and death. Some advanced intellectuals, conforming to the requirements of the times, launched a series of activities to save the nation's peril, among which Kang Youwei was the representative. He wrote the reform theory in many fields and actively propagated and practiced these theories. This paper mainly discusses the contents of his theory on China's defense construction and makes a brief comment. The article is divided into five parts, the first part is introduction, briefly introduces the achievements, deficiency and significance of former research on Kang Youwei's national defense construction. The second part is the social situation in China in the middle and late nineteenth century, from the internal and external situation, the changes in economic and class structure that Chinese society was facing at that time. The evolution of Chinese social thought explains the background of Kang Youwei's time and the reason of his national defense thought. The third part, Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction, the border defense crisis of China since modern times triggered the thinking of Kang Youwei, and put forward some concrete suggestions to consolidate the frontier defense, such as governing and governing Xinjiang, paying more attention to defending the border, abolishing the provincial government, and so on. Not only by increasing the garrison to strengthen border defense, but also from the administrative system to reform the central administration of local. The limitation lies in Kang Youwei's small talk, unable to put the suggestion into practice. In addition, the absolute negation of the provincial system is not entirely reasonable. In the fourth part, some suggestions on national defense construction are put forward, which generalize and sum up Kang Youwei's concrete implementation theory of strengthening military strength and consolidating national defense from five aspects. The theory is good, but based on the situation that Qing government accumulated poverty and weak and thought is relatively backward, it is lack of sufficient government support and financial resources to put it into practice. The conclusion of the fifth part gives an evaluation of Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction. Although the proposal has not been put into practice, it has played a guiding role in the later consolidation of national defense and the building of the army. At the same time, His spirit of exploration and strong sense of national responsibility are also worth learning from later generations. On the basis of historical data, this paper makes a comprehensive arrangement of Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction, and gives a certain evaluation, hoping to have a more objective and comprehensive understanding of Kang Youwei and his thought of national defense construction.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256
本文编号：2344274
[Abstract]:In the past, there were a lot of works on Kang Youwei's thought, but most of them focused on his political and economic thoughts, but the research on national defense thought was not much. Even if occasionally involved, it was also a few of the time periods (such as the Reform Movement of 1898). There is a lack of discussion of his overall national defense thinking. This paper attempts to make a breakthrough in this respect and tries to explore its advanced nature and limitations by summing up and studying his national defense thought so as to provide historical reference for today's national defense construction. At the end of the 19th century, the Chinese nation was in the critical moment of survival and death. Some advanced intellectuals, conforming to the requirements of the times, launched a series of activities to save the nation's peril, among which Kang Youwei was the representative. He wrote the reform theory in many fields and actively propagated and practiced these theories. This paper mainly discusses the contents of his theory on China's defense construction and makes a brief comment. The article is divided into five parts, the first part is introduction, briefly introduces the achievements, deficiency and significance of former research on Kang Youwei's national defense construction. The second part is the social situation in China in the middle and late nineteenth century, from the internal and external situation, the changes in economic and class structure that Chinese society was facing at that time. The evolution of Chinese social thought explains the background of Kang Youwei's time and the reason of his national defense thought. The third part, Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction, the border defense crisis of China since modern times triggered the thinking of Kang Youwei, and put forward some concrete suggestions to consolidate the frontier defense, such as governing and governing Xinjiang, paying more attention to defending the border, abolishing the provincial government, and so on. Not only by increasing the garrison to strengthen border defense, but also from the administrative system to reform the central administration of local. The limitation lies in Kang Youwei's small talk, unable to put the suggestion into practice. In addition, the absolute negation of the provincial system is not entirely reasonable. In the fourth part, some suggestions on national defense construction are put forward, which generalize and sum up Kang Youwei's concrete implementation theory of strengthening military strength and consolidating national defense from five aspects. The theory is good, but based on the situation that Qing government accumulated poverty and weak and thought is relatively backward, it is lack of sufficient government support and financial resources to put it into practice. The conclusion of the fifth part gives an evaluation of Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction. Although the proposal has not been put into practice, it has played a guiding role in the later consolidation of national defense and the building of the army. At the same time, His spirit of exploration and strong sense of national responsibility are also worth learning from later generations. On the basis of historical data, this paper makes a comprehensive arrangement of Kang Youwei's thought of national defense construction, and gives a certain evaluation, hoping to have a more objective and comprehensive understanding of Kang Youwei and his thought of national defense construction.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K256
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