中国海关粮食进出口贸易与区域经济发展（1903-1919）

发布时间：2019-02-17 10:53

【摘要】：自然经济在中国传统社会中一直占据着重要地位,鸦片战争以后,随着港口的被迫开放,中国海关商品贸易逐渐频繁,外国资本主义开始大规模向中国进行商品和资本输出,并大量掠夺中国的农产品原料,对中国传统的自然经济造成了重大打击。从粮食贸易的角度看,中国在传统社会虽然一直都是一个农业国家,但近代却从国外大量进口粮食,1903-1919年间,粮食己发展为中国进出口贸易中的一个重要的商品种类,农产品种类不断扩大,粮食贸易额也有了较大提高,另外,从粮食贸易量的角度看,进口方面以稻米为主,出口以小麦为主,并且稻米进口量远高于小麦出口量,处于入超地位,中国也开始逐渐沦为粮食进口大国。但同时也应看到,作为农产品商品化的一种形式,粮食贸易的不断发展也势必会对中国区域经济的发展乃至中国的近代化进程产生深远的影响。在区域分布上,稻米进u贸易主要集中在福建、广东地区,小麦出口贸易主要集中在东北地区,粮食贸易的发展,在缓减当地粮食供求矛盾、促进当地经济发展的同时,也进一步提高了粮食的商品化率,加强了城市与农村、城镇与城镇乃至区域间的经济联系。文章以1903-1919年间中国海关粮食进出口贸易为主线,考察了中国粮食进出口贸易的基本状况、粮食商品种类、贸易口岸等,并通过分析粮食进出口贸易对当地区域经济的影响,指出虽然中国的粮食进出贸易,是西方资本主义国家对中国的一种经济侵略,但也不能否认,粮食贸易确实对中国近代经济的发展起到了一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:Natural economy has always occupied an important position in Chinese traditional society. After the Opium War, with the forced opening of ports, Chinese customs commodity trade became more and more frequent, and foreign capitalism began to export goods and capital to China on a large scale. And plunder the raw materials of China's agricultural products in large quantities, which has dealt a great blow to China's traditional natural economy. From the perspective of grain trade, although China has always been an agricultural country in the traditional society, it imported a large amount of grain from abroad in modern times. In 1903-1919, grain has developed into an important commodity category in China's import and export trade. The variety of agricultural products has been continuously expanded, and the grain trade volume has also been greatly increased. In addition, from the perspective of grain trade volume, the import aspect is mainly rice, and the export is mainly wheat, and rice imports are far higher than wheat exports. In the super position, China also began to become a grain import country. However, as a form of commercialization of agricultural products, the continuous development of grain trade is bound to have a profound impact on the development of China's regional economy and even on the process of modernization of China. In terms of regional distribution, rice import trade is mainly concentrated in Fujian and Guangdong regions, and wheat export trade is mainly concentrated in the Northeast region. The development of grain trade has eased the contradiction between local grain supply and demand and promoted the development of the local economy. It also increases the commercialization rate of grain and strengthens the economic ties between cities and rural areas, cities and towns, and even regions. Based on the grain import and export trade of China Customs from 1903-1919, this paper examines the basic situation of grain import and export trade in China, the types of grain commodities, the trade ports, and analyzes the impact of grain import and export trade on the local regional economy. It is pointed out that although China's trade in and out of grain is an economic aggression of western capitalist countries against China, it cannot be denied that grain trade has indeed played a certain role in promoting the development of China's modern economy.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F752.9;K257;K258

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