改革开放以来中国公路运输政策演变研究（1979-）
发布时间：2019-03-02 19:00
【摘要】：交通运输业作为国民经济的基础性、先导性、服务型产业,是维护经济运行与社会正常运转和协调发展的基本条件。公路运输是综合交通运输体系的重要组成部分,其发展水平的高低直接制约着整个交通运输产业的效率,并影响到经济与社会发展的速度和水平。改革开放以来,在公路、铁路、水路、民航、管道五大运输方式中,公路运输充分发挥了其他运输方式不可替代的作用,对推动中国社会主义现代化建设发挥了重要的作用,也对提高人民群众出行质量、改善生活面貌做出了重要的贡献。反过来,经济社会发展的日新月异,也对公路运输供给能力及服务水平提出了越来越高的要求。公路运输政策作为国家宏观经济政策的重要组成部分,为协调参与公路运输活动的各个经济主体之间利益关系提供了行为准则,为指导、规范公路运输业的可持续发展提供了体制机制上的保证。因此深化对公路运输产业政策的研究,不仅具有丰富的理论价值,更有深远的实践意义。 本文将当代公路运输政策的演变历程置入中国公路运输发展的宏大背景下,展开历时性与共时性分析。全文包括绪论、第一、二、三、四、五章以及结束语,共七部分。 绪论首先对公路运输、道路运输、道路运政管理、公路运输管理、运输政策等概念定义及内涵进行了界定,然后分析了从历史角度研究公路运输政策的意义,详述了当前理论界在公路运输政策方面取得的主要成果及研究不足,进而提出研究思路,并说明了本书创新之处,同时也分析了本文的不足之处及努力方向。 第一章分中华民国时期、中华人民共和国成立后至改革开放前两个阶段,对改革开放以前公路运输政策的演变进行回顾,探讨政策制定实施的经验得失。 第二章介绍了初步市场化进程阶段(1979-1991)公路运输政策转变的历史形势,从全面放开的市场准入、运输企业的全而改革、积极推进市场培育、市场监管政策的制度化等方面详细阐述了该阶段公路运输政策的具体内容、实施情况及对道路运输业和国民经济产生的影响,并简要分析了政策的成效及不足。 第三章介绍了市场经济体制初步建立阶段(1992-2002)的公路运输政策制定实施的时代背景,从企业转换经营机制及推行股份制改革、市场准入的从严、以优化为中心的运输结构调整、全方位的市场监管等方面阐释了该阶段公路运输政策的具体内容、实施措施,分析了上述政策对道路运输业乃至经济社会发展产生的影响,最后简要评价了该阶段政策成效。 第四章交代了市场经济体制完善阶段(2003-)公路运输政策调整的社会背景,然后从市场准入退出机制的统筹考虑、运输结构的全方位和深层次调整、市场监管理念及措施的创新等方面论述了该阶段公路运输政策的主要内容、实施举措,分析了政策的实施对道路运输行业和整个社会产生的影响,并对该阶段政策实施成效做了简短归纳。 第五章归纳了改革开放以来各类公路运输政策的演变特点,,总结了当代公路运输政策制定实施的主要经验和教训,并结合行业发展实践提出了对今后10-20年公路运输政策应采取走向的一系列建议。 结束语部分在全面分析政策演变特点及实施得失的基础上归纳出一系列结论：今后10-20年既是我国建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平小康社会的关键时期,也是建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家的重要阶段,同时也是市场经济体制更加完善的时期。在市场经济条件下,行业法制建设必须重视完整性、前瞻性及可操作性；在完善法制建设的基础上,公路运输政策应当更加注重政策的科学性、系统性；道路运输管理中,行政、经济、法律三种手段相辅相成,不可偏废；应当把如何实现运输结构的科学调整作为今后政策完善的核心内容之一；解决现有公路运输政策的不足,不仅需要道路运输管理部门转变理念,更需要各级政府和交通主管部门转变理念,统筹交通基础设施建设及运输发展,科学构建综合运输体系,指导道路运输行业走科学发展之路。
[Abstract]:As the basic, leading and service-oriented industry of the national economy, the transportation and transportation industry is the basic condition for maintaining the normal operation and coordinated development of the economic operation and the society. Road transport is an important part of the comprehensive transportation system, and the level of development directly restricts the efficiency of the whole transportation industry and affects the speed and the level of the economic and social development. since the reform and opening-up, the highway, railway, waterway, civil aviation and pipeline five transport modes, the road transport has fully played an irreplaceable role in other modes of transportation, has played an important role in promoting the construction of China's socialist modernization, and also improves the people's travel quality, The improvement of the living environment has made an important contribution. In turn, the economic and social development is changing with each passing day, and the demand for the supply capacity and service level of road transport is higher and higher. As an important part of the national macro-economic policy, the road transport policy provides a code of conduct for coordinating the relationship between the various economic entities involved in road transport activities, and provides an institutional mechanism for guiding and regulating the sustainable development of the road transport industry. Therefore, the study of the industrial policy of road transport not only has rich theoretical value, but also has far-reaching practical significance. In this paper, the evolution of the contemporary road transport policy is put into the grand background of the development of China's road transportation, and the diachronic and common-time division The full text includes the introduction, the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth chapter and the end language, seven parts This paper defines the concept and connotation of road transportation, road transportation, road transportation management, road transport management and transportation policy, and then analyzes the road transportation policy from the historical point of view. The significance of this paper is to give a detailed description of the main achievements and shortcomings of the current theoretical circle in the road transport policy, and then put forward the research ideas and explain the innovation of this book, and also analyze the shortcomings and the inu... Chapter 1: The first chapter is divided into two stages of the period of the Republic of China, the People's Republic of China after the establishment of the People's Republic of China and the first two stages of the reform and opening-up, and the evolution of the road transport policy before the reform and opening The second chapter introduces the historical situation of the transition of road transport policy in the course of the preliminary market process (1979-1991). The concrete contents, the implementation of the road transport policy in this stage and the impact on the road transportation and the national economy are described in detail in the aspects of the development of the market and the institutionalization of the market supervision policy, and the government is analyzed briefly. The third chapter introduces the background of the development and implementation of the road transport policy in the initial stage of the market economic system (1992-2002), from the transformation and operation mechanism of the enterprise and the implementation of the reform of the joint-stock system and the strict control of market access, so as to optimize the system. The concrete content and implementation measures of the road transport policy in this stage are explained in the aspects of the transportation structure adjustment of the center, the comprehensive market supervision and so on. The effect of the above policies on the development of the road transportation, and even the economic and social development is analyzed, and the final summary is given. The fourth chapter explains the social background of the adjustment of the road transport policy in the market economic system, and then, from the integrated consideration of the market access exit mechanism, the transport junction The main content and implementation of the road transport policy in this stage are discussed in the aspects of the comprehensive and deep adjustment of the structure, the market supervision concept and the innovation of the measures, and the influence of the implementation of the policy on the road transportation industry and the society as a whole is analyzed, and the government is in charge of this stage. The fifth chapter summarizes the characteristics of various road transport policies since the reform and opening-up, and summarizes the main experiences and lessons of the development and implementation of the current road transport policy, and puts forward the road transport for the next 10 to 20 years in the light of the practice of the industry development. The policy should take a series of suggestions. The conclusion is based on the overall analysis of the characteristics of the policy and the implementation and loss of the policy. The key period of a well-off society at a higher level in the mouth is also an important stage of building a prosperous and strong democratic and harmonious socialist modernization country, and at the same time Under the condition of market economy, the legal system of the industry must pay more attention to the integrity, the forward-looking and the operability, and on the basis of perfecting the legal system, the road transport policy should pay more attention to the scientific and systematic nature of the policy In the management of road transportation, the three means of administration, economy and law are mutually reinforcing and can't be waste; how to realize the scientific adjustment of the transport structure as one of the core contents of the future policy improvement; to solve the shortcomings of the existing road transport policy, and not It is only necessary to change the concept of the road transportation management department, and it is more necessary to change the concept of the government and the transportation department at all levels, to coordinate the construction of transportation infrastructure and transport development, and to scientifically construct the comprehensive transport system.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27;F542
本文编号：2433368
[Abstract]:As the basic, leading and service-oriented industry of the national economy, the transportation and transportation industry is the basic condition for maintaining the normal operation and coordinated development of the economic operation and the society. Road transport is an important part of the comprehensive transportation system, and the level of development directly restricts the efficiency of the whole transportation industry and affects the speed and the level of the economic and social development. since the reform and opening-up, the highway, railway, waterway, civil aviation and pipeline five transport modes, the road transport has fully played an irreplaceable role in other modes of transportation, has played an important role in promoting the construction of China's socialist modernization, and also improves the people's travel quality, The improvement of the living environment has made an important contribution. In turn, the economic and social development is changing with each passing day, and the demand for the supply capacity and service level of road transport is higher and higher. As an important part of the national macro-economic policy, the road transport policy provides a code of conduct for coordinating the relationship between the various economic entities involved in road transport activities, and provides an institutional mechanism for guiding and regulating the sustainable development of the road transport industry. Therefore, the study of the industrial policy of road transport not only has rich theoretical value, but also has far-reaching practical significance. In this paper, the evolution of the contemporary road transport policy is put into the grand background of the development of China's road transportation, and the diachronic and common-time division The full text includes the introduction, the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth chapter and the end language, seven parts This paper defines the concept and connotation of road transportation, road transportation, road transportation management, road transport management and transportation policy, and then analyzes the road transportation policy from the historical point of view. The significance of this paper is to give a detailed description of the main achievements and shortcomings of the current theoretical circle in the road transport policy, and then put forward the research ideas and explain the innovation of this book, and also analyze the shortcomings and the inu... Chapter 1: The first chapter is divided into two stages of the period of the Republic of China, the People's Republic of China after the establishment of the People's Republic of China and the first two stages of the reform and opening-up, and the evolution of the road transport policy before the reform and opening The second chapter introduces the historical situation of the transition of road transport policy in the course of the preliminary market process (1979-1991). The concrete contents, the implementation of the road transport policy in this stage and the impact on the road transportation and the national economy are described in detail in the aspects of the development of the market and the institutionalization of the market supervision policy, and the government is analyzed briefly. The third chapter introduces the background of the development and implementation of the road transport policy in the initial stage of the market economic system (1992-2002), from the transformation and operation mechanism of the enterprise and the implementation of the reform of the joint-stock system and the strict control of market access, so as to optimize the system. The concrete content and implementation measures of the road transport policy in this stage are explained in the aspects of the transportation structure adjustment of the center, the comprehensive market supervision and so on. The effect of the above policies on the development of the road transportation, and even the economic and social development is analyzed, and the final summary is given. The fourth chapter explains the social background of the adjustment of the road transport policy in the market economic system, and then, from the integrated consideration of the market access exit mechanism, the transport junction The main content and implementation of the road transport policy in this stage are discussed in the aspects of the comprehensive and deep adjustment of the structure, the market supervision concept and the innovation of the measures, and the influence of the implementation of the policy on the road transportation industry and the society as a whole is analyzed, and the government is in charge of this stage. The fifth chapter summarizes the characteristics of various road transport policies since the reform and opening-up, and summarizes the main experiences and lessons of the development and implementation of the current road transport policy, and puts forward the road transport for the next 10 to 20 years in the light of the practice of the industry development. The policy should take a series of suggestions. The conclusion is based on the overall analysis of the characteristics of the policy and the implementation and loss of the policy. The key period of a well-off society at a higher level in the mouth is also an important stage of building a prosperous and strong democratic and harmonious socialist modernization country, and at the same time Under the condition of market economy, the legal system of the industry must pay more attention to the integrity, the forward-looking and the operability, and on the basis of perfecting the legal system, the road transport policy should pay more attention to the scientific and systematic nature of the policy In the management of road transportation, the three means of administration, economy and law are mutually reinforcing and can't be waste; how to realize the scientific adjustment of the transport structure as one of the core contents of the future policy improvement; to solve the shortcomings of the existing road transport policy, and not It is only necessary to change the concept of the road transportation management department, and it is more necessary to change the concept of the government and the transportation department at all levels, to coordinate the construction of transportation infrastructure and transport development, and to scientifically construct the comprehensive transport system.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27;F542
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