曾国藩仕宦思想研究

发布时间：2019-03-12 16:27

【摘要】： 曾国藩是晚清时期著名的官僚,他既是文官,又是武将,在他长达几十年的仕宦生涯中,仍有许多值得今人学习与借鉴之处,积累了大量宝贵的仕宦经验,并形成了丰富的仕宦思想,值得我们认真研究。本文首先对曾国藩仕宦思想相关研究论著予以充分的分析,了解学界对此问题的研究状况,寻找其空白和缺陷,并阐释本文的研究价值与创新之处。其次,认真剖析曾国藩仕宦之初的理念,主要阐明如下几个方面的内容：为官者当敢于力行。曾国藩迂腐的理学说教化为不懈的精神动力,作为凝结人心、鼓舞士气的有力法宝,勇于力行,不畏挫折。为官者当兢兢业业,心胸宽广,曾国藩看淡功名利禄,在其位谋其政,兢兢业业效忠诚于国家。为官当深诫“生于忧患而死于安乐”这反映曾国藩高度的忧患意识,自始至终不为事物表面现象所迷惑,发掘事物本质,提高事物发展遇见能力,避免灾祸。为官者当从“谦虚处”下功夫,不居功自傲,不仗势欺人,讲求谦逊,是曾国藩最为看重的理念。为官者当“廉明不贪”保持清廉,扎扎实实为民作主。为官者要顺应天命,不特意追求高官厚禄,谨守恬静的普通生活。为官者当敢于直言,敢于触犯龙颜,针对问题,敢于直言,不加隐晦。为官者当谨慎小心,和谐人际关系,形成人人乐于为己效劳的氛围。最后,为官者当心思缜密,不生疏漏,力争妥帖地处置好每项宦务。再次,详细讨论曾氏仕宦思想的变化。主要体现在：广布羽翼,壮大湘军集团力量,为实现政治理想提供奥援,树立更多的帮手,成功完成事业。灵活运用权术,克服各种危机和挑战,扳倒对手,取得政治斗争的胜利。重视刑罚,严以驭下,树立牢靠的集团内部的权威,使湘军集团服从于曾氏一人的指挥。将坚忍之心坚持到底,忍凡人之不能忍,在这种精神的鼓舞下,曾氏度过了无数的劫难。以“诚”驭下,倾心以待,戒除虚伪和狡诈,真诚接待他人,获得他人的信任和好感。强调“爱民”,将爱民之心贯穿仕宦之始终,救苍生于水火。最后,阐释曾国藩的致仕思想,分析曾国藩仕宦思想产生的原因。关于曾国藩致仕思想产生的原因可以概括为：现实的逼迫,镇压太平天国运动后所留下的残局使曾氏感到非常无奈,同时朝廷与日俱增的怀疑进一步导致曾氏致仕念头的产生。战争的残酷性给曾氏带来了巨大的痛楚,曾氏希冀通过道德情感的救赎,获得良知的安慰。此外,老病不堪莅任,也是其晚年渴望致仕的重要原因。余论部分,主要探讨曾国藩在仕宦历程最后时刻面临的困难。
[Abstract]:Zeng Guofan was a famous bureaucrat in the late Qing Dynasty. He was both a civil servant and a martial arts officer. During his decades-long career as an official, he still had a lot to learn from and learn from, and accumulated a lot of valuable experience of official officials. And formed a rich official thought, worthy of our careful study. First of all, this paper makes a full analysis of Zeng Guofan's related research works on the official thought, finds out the research status of this issue in academic circles, looks for its gaps and defects, and explains the research value and innovation of this paper. Secondly, a careful analysis of Zeng Guofan's idea at the beginning of the official, mainly to clarify the following aspects of the content: officials should dare to do. Zeng Guofan's pedantic Neo-Confucianism became a tireless spiritual power, as a powerful magic weapon to solidify the hearts of the people and inspire morale, daring to do their best and not afraid of setbacks. Officials should be conscientious, broad-minded, Zeng Guofan saw little fame and wealth, in his position to seek its politics, dedicated to the country. This reflects Zeng Guofan's high consciousness of suffering and suffering, which reflects Zeng Guofan's high sense of distress. From the beginning to the end, he is not confused by the appearance of things, excavates the essence of things, improves the ability of things to develop and meet, and avoids calamities. It is Zeng Guofan's most valued idea that officials should work hard from "modesty", not proud of their merits, bully of power, and humble in their pursuit of humility. Officials should be honest and not greedy to keep clean and honest for the people. For officials to comply with fate, do not deliberately pursue high officials thick, dedicated to a quiet ordinary life. Officials should dare to speak bluntly, dare to offend the dragon face, in response to problems, dare to speak bluntly, do not obscure. Officials should be careful, harmonious interpersonal relations, the formation of everyone willing to serve their own atmosphere. Finally, officials should be careful, do not neglect, strive to properly deal with each eunuch. Thirdly, the change of Zeng's thought of official is discussed in detail. Mainly reflected in: widely spread wings, strengthen the strength of Xiangjun Group, for the realization of political ideals to provide Austrian aid, set up more help, successful completion of the cause. Use power flexibly, overcome all kinds of crises and challenges, bring down opponents, and win the political struggle. Attach importance to the punishment, strictly control, establish a solid authority within the group, so that the Xiangjun Group obeys the command of Zeng's one-man. Will persevere the heart to the end, the human can not bear, in this spirit inspired, Zeng's through countless hardships. Under the control of "sincerity", ready to, quit hypocrisy and cunning, sincerely receive others, gain others' trust and kindness. Emphasize "love the people", will love the people through the official throughout, save life in the water and fire. Finally, explain Zeng Guofan's thought of leading to official affairs, and analyze the reason why Zeng Guofan's thought of official came into being. The reasons for Zeng Guofan's thought of becoming an official can be summed up as follows: the reality of coercion and the repression of the remnants of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement left Zeng's feelings of great helplessness. At the same time, the growing suspicion of the court further led to the emergence of Zeng's idea of official. The cruelty of the war brought great pain to Zeng. Zeng hoped to obtain the comfort of conscience through the redemption of moral emotion. In addition, the presence of old illness is also an important reason for his desire to become an official in his later years. In the last part of the thesis, the author mainly discusses the difficulties Zeng Guofan faces in the last moments of his official career.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K252

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