清末党禁问题探析

发布时间：2019-04-09 13:55

【摘要】：党禁是中国传统政制中排斥、打击异己政治力量，维护皇权专制的重要手段。自清初禁立会社以来，有清一代党禁甚严，直至清末随着当局社会控制力的下降和宪政思想的传播，党禁始有所松动。庚子以后，清廷为缓解统治危机倡行立宪，党禁问题随着宪政运动的发展而逐渐凸显，并成为汇集各派政治力量的焦点所在。因戊戌政变流亡海外的康有为和梁启超为了回国发展势力，竭力谋求开放党禁；国内立宪派为促成宪政实施积极组建政团倡开国会，其活动在事实上打破了党禁的限制；部分当朝的实权人物，地方的开明大员等出于各自的政治考虑，也赞成开放党禁。与此同时，开放党禁也受到多方力量的掣肘，部分在朝官员、革命党人，甚至立宪派内部都有阻滞党禁开放的力量存在，各派政治力量的立场和态度在推动或阻滞党禁开放的政治博弈中得以显现。党禁开放活动与立宪运动相伴生，对于民主、宪政思想的传播与合法性政党的衍生具有重要意义，民众的政治觉悟与参政意识因之增强，民初国会政党的活跃也与党禁开放后政团的勃兴息息相关。从长远来讲，党禁开放的过程伴随着国人现代政治观念的形成，，为民主政治的实施提供了政治前提和文化土壤，对于近代中国政治文明的进步影响深远。
[Abstract]:Party prohibition is an important means to reject the traditional Chinese political system, crack down on the political forces of dissent, and safeguard the autocracy of imperial power. Since the prohibition of the legislature in the early Qing Dynasty, the party ban of the Qing Dynasty has been very strict, until the end of the Qing Dynasty, with the decline of the social control of the authorities and the dissemination of constitutional thought, the party ban was loosened. After Geng Zi, the Qing government advocated constitutionalism in order to alleviate the ruling crisis, and the issue of party ban gradually became prominent with the development of constitutional government movement, and became the focus of bringing together the political forces of various factions. Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, exiled in the 1898 coup d'茅 tat, tried their best to open up the party ban in order to return to China to develop their forces, and the domestic constitutionalists actively formed political groups to promote the implementation of constitutionalism, and their activities broke the restriction of the party ban in fact. Some of the real power figures of the current dynasty, the enlightened members of the local government, and so on, for their own political considerations, are also in favour of the opening up of the party ban. At the same time, the open party ban is also constrained by various forces, and some of the DPRK officials, revolutionaries, and even the constitutionalists have the power to block the opening up of the party ban. The positions and attitudes of the political forces of the various factions appear in the political game that promotes or blocks the opening of the party ban. It is of great significance for democracy, the spread of constitutional thought and the derivative of legitimate political parties that the activities of the party's prohibition and opening-up are associated with the movement of constitutionalism. The political consciousness of the people and the consciousness of participating in politics have been enhanced as a result. The activity of the political parties in the early Republic of China is also closely related to the prosperity of the political groups after the opening of the party ban. In the long run, the process of the opening up of the party ban is accompanied by the formation of the modern political concept of the Chinese people, which provides the political premise and cultural soil for the implementation of democratic politics and has a far-reaching impact on the progress of modern Chinese political civilization.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K257

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