日伪统治时期东北村屯特殊形态：铁道爱护村研究（1933-1945年）

发布时间：2019-06-22 12:06

【摘要】：铁道爱护村是日伪统治时期，由关东军控制，满铁组织实施的将铁道沿线两侧五千米范围内的全部农村改造成以维护东北铁道安全，保证军事、经济运输，为日本提供情报为目的，具有军事性、经济性和思想奴化性的特殊基层行政村。九一八事变后，日本武装占领东北，并通过伪满政权攫取了东北铁路修筑权与经营权。日本利用铁路修筑权，拓宽侵略范围，深入东北农村腹地，利用铁路经营权掠夺所需的经济资源和运送军事物资。铁路运输不仅帮助日本强化在东北的政治殖民统治，铁路部门本身也直接参与军事殖民活动。东北抗日军民展开破坏铁路的斗争。尽管日伪政府采取各种手段、措施，阻碍、镇压东北军民的破路斗争，但收效甚微。日伪政府为了维护通过铁路进行的经济掠夺与军事扩张,1933年6月，关东军决议通过满铁铁路总局对铁路沿线居民推广铁道爱护村运动。1935年，从日本内地迁移而来的日本村民与东北退役的日本军人在铁道沿线两侧两千米范围内设立的铁道自警村也属于铁道爱护村范畴。纵观铁道爱护村发展的整个历程，满铁铁路总局力图将铁道爱护村这一形式扩展到其掌控的所有东北铁路沿线乃至整个伪满洲国。其在铁道爱护村发展过程中，打破原有农村以血缘和家庭关系维系的“户”的家庭模式，按年龄和性别将铁道爱护村划分为若干组织。1938年铁道爱护村改称铁道爱护团，其组织化程度进一步加深。铁道爱护村的发展过程亦是走向组织化的过程。铁道爱护村一经建立，满铁铁路总局便将爱路警备工作确定为铁道爱护村发展的核心宗旨，在将原有村屯农业性质弱化的基础上，逐步强化作为警备铁道的村屯性质，企图将村民从对土地的依附状态转向对铁路的依附状态，使之彻底成为真正意义上的“铁道爱护村”，铁道爱护村呈现出“警主农次”的特有村屯形态。宣传工作与警备工作并重，其贯穿铁道爱护村发展始终，成为满铁铁路总局引导铁道爱护村发展的重要舆论导向，，并通过这种逐步渗透宣传的“软侵略”奴化铁道爱护村村民。日伪通过铁道爱护村运动，达到了政治殖民统治、经济掠夺、军事运输和思想奴化的目的，铁道爱护村所在地成为日本获取抗日信息的“情报站”和宣扬殖民思想的“讲授地”。这些行为大大加深了铁道爱护村的殖民特征，使铁道爱护村成为集政治、军事、经济、思想文化殖民特性于一体的特殊村屯。
[Abstract]:During the period of Japanese puppet rule, the railway love village was controlled by Guandong Army and organized by Manchu Railway to transform all the countryside within 5,000 meters along the railway into a special grass-roots administrative village with military, economic and ideological enslavement for the purpose of maintaining the safety of the northeast railway, ensuring military and economic transportation, and providing information for Japan. After the September 18 incident, Japanese armed forces occupied Northeast China and seized the right to build and operate the Northeast Railway through the pseudo-Manchu regime. Japan makes use of railway construction rights, broadens the scope of aggression, goes deep into the rural hinterland of Northeast China, and uses railway management rights to plunder the necessary economic resources and transport military materials. Railway transportation not only helps Japan strengthen its political colonial rule in Northeast China, but also directly participates in military colonization. The anti-Japanese army and the people in Northeast China waged a struggle to destroy the railway. Although the Japanese pseudo-government has taken various measures to hinder and suppress the road-breaking struggle between the army and the people in Northeast China, it has had little effect. In order to maintain the economic plunder and military expansion by railway, in June 1933, Guan Dongjun decided to promote the railway love village movement to the residents along the railway through the General Administration of Manchu Railway. In 1935, the railway self-police village, which was set up within 2,000 meters between the two sides of the railway line between the Japanese villagers and the retired Japanese soldiers in the northeast, also belongs to the scope of the railway love village. Throughout the whole course of the development of railway love villages, the General Administration of Manchu Railway tries to extend the form of railway love villages to all the northeast railways under its control and even to the whole pseudo-Manchukuo state. In the process of the development of railway love village, it broke the original family model of "family" maintained by consanguinity and family relationship in rural areas, and divided the railway love village into several organizations according to age and sex. In 1938, the railway love village was renamed railway love group, and its organization degree was further deepened. The development process of railway loving the village is also a process of organization. Once the railway love village is established, the General Administration of Manchu Railway defines the love road police work as the core purpose of the development of the railway love village. On the basis of weakening the agricultural nature of the original village, it gradually strengthens the village nature as the police railway, and attempts to change the villagers' dependence on the land to the dependence on the railway, so that it can completely become the "railway love village" in the real sense. Railway love village presents the unique village form of "warning owner and farmer". Propaganda and police work pay equal attention to the development of railway love villages, which runs through the development of railway love villages all the time, and becomes an important direction of public opinion to guide the development of railway love villages by the General Administration of Manchu Railway, and through this kind of "soft aggression", which gradually infiltrates propaganda, enslaves the villagers of the villages. Through the railway love village movement, the Japanese puppet achieved the purpose of political colonial rule, economic plunder, military transportation and ideological enslavement. The location of the railway love village became the "information station" for Japan to obtain anti-Japanese information and the "teaching place" for promoting colonial thought. These behaviors greatly deepen the colonial characteristics of railway love villages and make the railway love villages a special village with political, military, economic, ideological and cultural colonial characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K265

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