1950年代中国学习苏联农业经验研究
发布时间：2019-07-02 19:39
【摘要】：1950年代,刚刚成立的新中国为改变落后的经济面貌,在全国范围内发起了学习苏联的运动,这一运动持续时间较长,从建国开始直到50年代末,波及的范围广泛,涉及到经济、政治、军事、文化教育等领域。1950年代新中国学习苏联的运动,是中苏关系史上的一件大事,对新中国的建设和发展产生了深远的影响。本文主要侧重于研究对苏联农业先进经验的学习,阐述新中国学习苏联农业先进经验的原因、介绍苏联的先进农业生产经验及通过学习我们如何更好的把这些先进经验运用到我国农业科技、生产、管理、教育、水利等实际工作中去等几个方面。 第一部分阐述了新中国学习苏联农业先进经验的原因。新中国成立前由于多年的战争,农业生产力遭到很大破坏,农业经济发展缓慢,不适应国家经济建设的需要,苏联农业上取得的伟大成就,同时国际上的两大阵营的对峙,如何巩固新生的人民政权,这些因素促使我国走上了学习苏联先进农业经验的道路。为了尽快的恢复和发展国民经济,中国政府一方面多次派出农业代表团去苏联考察,另一方面聘请大量的苏联专家来华指导,从而推动了中国农业现代化的进程。 第二部分介绍了为了进一步学习苏联农业经验,国家领导人号召向苏联学习,社会主流媒体通过报刊文章进行了大量的宣传。这对运动的开展起了很大作用。 第三部分介绍了苏联先进的农业经验技术。沙俄时代,其经济、科技开始发展起来,十月革命后,苏联政府更加重视农业科技的发展,在基础研究方面取得了多项有世界水平的科研成果,建立了完善发达的农业科研教育体系。 第四部分探讨了新中国学习苏联农业先进经验的情况。在学习过程中并不是完全照抄照搬苏联的经验,而是结合本国的国情灵活运用,在诸多方面突破苏联经验的束缚,并有所创新和发展。 第五部分是对新中国学习苏联先进农业经验的评价。对于如何看待1950年代新中国学习苏联农业先进经验的运动,由于人们观察的角度不同,会产生不同的看法。新中国的成立是近现代史上的一件大事,为中华民族的发展打下了基础,可是它建立在一个非常落后的生产力基础之上的政权,为了巩固自己的国家政权,快速发展本国的经济,发起学习苏联的运动。这一运动的开展,为新中国各项事业的发展培养了大批有用的人才,有力地促进了我国社会主义现代化建设事业的进程。 在学习苏联农业经验过程中难免会出现一些问题,因为苏联建设社会主义的经验是根据本国的实际情况总结出来的,不一定完全适合中国的实际情况,在开始学习苏联经验的过程中,这一问题还没有明显表现出来,随着学习的深入,我们渐渐的认识到了这一问题,于是开始从盲目照抄照搬苏联经验转而认识到要结合本国的实际情况,有借鉴的学习,并在学习的过程中注意消化和吸收,转化为现实的生产力为我国社会主义建设服务。 因此,通过总结1950年代中国农业上学习苏联先进经验的历史,使我们认识到,在学习他国先进经验的时候,必须从本国的实际情况出发,在学习的过程中要注意消化和吸收,不能盲目的一切照抄照搬,要把别国的先进经验转化为本国的实际生产力,在学习中进行不断的创新,创建适合本国实际的经济发展模式。
[Abstract]:In the 1950s, the new China, which had just been set up, has initiated the study of the movement of the Soviet Union in the whole country to change the backward economy, which has a long duration, and from the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic to the end of the 1950s, the spread of the wave has been wide, involving economic, political and military. The new Chinese study of the Soviet Union in the 1950s was a major event in the history of Sino-Soviet relations and had a far-reaching impact on the construction and development of the new China. This paper mainly focuses on the study of the advanced experience of the Soviet agriculture, expounds the reason of the advanced agricultural advanced experience of the new Chinese Soviet Union, introduces the advanced agricultural production experience of the Soviet Union and how to use these advanced experiences to our country's agricultural science and technology, production and management. There are several aspects such as education, water conservancy and other practical work. The first part expounds the new China's advanced experience in the study of the Soviet agriculture For many years, the agricultural productivity of the new China has been greatly destroyed, the development of the agricultural economy is slow, the need of the national economic construction is not met, the great achievements of the Soviet agriculture, and the confrontation between the two camps in the world, and how to consolidate the new people These factors have led to the development of our country's advanced agricultural experience in the Soviet Union In order to restore and develop the national economy as soon as possible, the Chinese Government has sent a number of agricultural delegations to the Soviet Union on the one hand and, on the other hand, engaged a large number of Soviet experts to guide China, thus promoting the modernization of China's agriculture. The second part of the process is to further study the agricultural experience of the Soviet Union, and the leaders of the state have called for the study of the Soviet Union and the mainstream media in the society have been carried out through the press articles A lot of publicity. It's about the movement. It's a big part. The third part introduces the Soviet Union. After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union paid more attention to the development of agricultural science and technology, and has made a number of scientific and technological achievements in the world, and established a well-developed and developed scientific and technological achievements. The fourth part of the study on the education system of agricultural scientific research In the course of the study, the experience of the Soviet agriculture is not completely copied, but the experience of the Soviet Union is used flexibly in the course of learning, and the experience of the Soviet Union is broken through many aspects. The fifth part is for the new The evaluation of the advanced agricultural experience of the Soviet Union in the state of the Soviet Union. The establishment of the new China is a great event in the history of modern history, laying the foundation for the development of the Chinese nation, but it has set up a regime based on a very backward productivity, and in order to consolidate its national power, the rapid development of the country The country's economy, which initiated the study of the movement of the Soviet Union, carried out a campaign to train a large number of useful talents for the development of the new China's undertakings and to promote the development of our country. The process of the construction of socialist modernization. There are some problems in the course of studying the experience of the Soviet agriculture, because the experience of the Soviet-building socialism is summarized according to the actual situation of the country, and it is not necessarily fully suitable for China On the other hand, in the course of learning the experience of the Soviet Union, this problem has not been clearly shown, and as the learning goes deep, we gradually realize this problem, so we begin to learn from the blindly copying the Soviet experience to realize that it is to be combined with the actual situation of the country and learn from it. In the course of learning, learn to digest and absorb and transform into The real productive force is our country's socialist construction service. Therefore, by summing up the history of studying the advanced experience of the Soviet Union in the 1950s, we realize that, in the course of studying the advanced experience of other countries, it is necessary to set out from the actual situation of the country, and in the course of learning In order to take care of digestion and absorption, we should not blindly copy and copy, to convert the advanced experience of other countries into the actual productive forces of the country, and to do not in the study
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：S-09;K27
本文编号：2509175
[Abstract]:In the 1950s, the new China, which had just been set up, has initiated the study of the movement of the Soviet Union in the whole country to change the backward economy, which has a long duration, and from the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic to the end of the 1950s, the spread of the wave has been wide, involving economic, political and military. The new Chinese study of the Soviet Union in the 1950s was a major event in the history of Sino-Soviet relations and had a far-reaching impact on the construction and development of the new China. This paper mainly focuses on the study of the advanced experience of the Soviet agriculture, expounds the reason of the advanced agricultural advanced experience of the new Chinese Soviet Union, introduces the advanced agricultural production experience of the Soviet Union and how to use these advanced experiences to our country's agricultural science and technology, production and management. There are several aspects such as education, water conservancy and other practical work. The first part expounds the new China's advanced experience in the study of the Soviet agriculture For many years, the agricultural productivity of the new China has been greatly destroyed, the development of the agricultural economy is slow, the need of the national economic construction is not met, the great achievements of the Soviet agriculture, and the confrontation between the two camps in the world, and how to consolidate the new people These factors have led to the development of our country's advanced agricultural experience in the Soviet Union In order to restore and develop the national economy as soon as possible, the Chinese Government has sent a number of agricultural delegations to the Soviet Union on the one hand and, on the other hand, engaged a large number of Soviet experts to guide China, thus promoting the modernization of China's agriculture. The second part of the process is to further study the agricultural experience of the Soviet Union, and the leaders of the state have called for the study of the Soviet Union and the mainstream media in the society have been carried out through the press articles A lot of publicity. It's about the movement. It's a big part. The third part introduces the Soviet Union. After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union paid more attention to the development of agricultural science and technology, and has made a number of scientific and technological achievements in the world, and established a well-developed and developed scientific and technological achievements. The fourth part of the study on the education system of agricultural scientific research In the course of the study, the experience of the Soviet agriculture is not completely copied, but the experience of the Soviet Union is used flexibly in the course of learning, and the experience of the Soviet Union is broken through many aspects. The fifth part is for the new The evaluation of the advanced agricultural experience of the Soviet Union in the state of the Soviet Union. The establishment of the new China is a great event in the history of modern history, laying the foundation for the development of the Chinese nation, but it has set up a regime based on a very backward productivity, and in order to consolidate its national power, the rapid development of the country The country's economy, which initiated the study of the movement of the Soviet Union, carried out a campaign to train a large number of useful talents for the development of the new China's undertakings and to promote the development of our country. The process of the construction of socialist modernization. There are some problems in the course of studying the experience of the Soviet agriculture, because the experience of the Soviet-building socialism is summarized according to the actual situation of the country, and it is not necessarily fully suitable for China On the other hand, in the course of learning the experience of the Soviet Union, this problem has not been clearly shown, and as the learning goes deep, we gradually realize this problem, so we begin to learn from the blindly copying the Soviet experience to realize that it is to be combined with the actual situation of the country and learn from it. In the course of learning, learn to digest and absorb and transform into The real productive force is our country's socialist construction service. Therefore, by summing up the history of studying the advanced experience of the Soviet Union in the 1950s, we realize that, in the course of studying the advanced experience of other countries, it is necessary to set out from the actual situation of the country, and in the course of learning In order to take care of digestion and absorption, we should not blindly copy and copy, to convert the advanced experience of other countries into the actual productive forces of the country, and to do not in the study
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：S-09;K27
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