对内对外开放的枢纽与古代成都的三次崛起——重新认识成都在中国历史上的地位与作用

发布时间：2018-02-17 00:56

本文关键词： 古成都对内对外开放中国古代三大经济带枢纽性城市古成都的三次崛起　出处：《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：从中观地理位置考察,成都地处四川盆地,受盆周山地自然地理条件的制约,进出盆地内外的交通十分不便。但是,如果将成都放在古代中国与亚洲的宏观地理中考察,成都则是北方丝绸之路、南方丝绸之路和长江经济带三大交通走廊和经济带的交汇点。以成都为起点的南方丝绸之路,早在秦汉以前就已经开通,并延续了2000多年的发展,成为古代中国内地与今云南、缅甸及东南亚等地进行经济文化交流的重要通道。汉武帝时期开通的北方丝绸之路,成都是北方丝绸之路的主要商品的供给地,成都所产丝绸产品蜀锦等在今丝绸之路沿线重要考古遗址都有大量发现。南北朝时期,当战乱使河西走廊交通受阻、从长安出发的北方丝绸之路中断之时,以成都为起点,经川西北草原进入甘南、青海,然后转入西域的"河南道",成为新的丝绸之路,使中国内地与西北各政权及亚欧各国的贸易一直未曾中断。成都作为长江上游的政治、经济、文化中心,在先秦时期就与长江中下游地区保持非常密切的经济、文化关系,并通过长江各重要节点城市与海上丝绸之路发生直接或间接的联系。因而,成都在古代成为中国三大经济带的交汇点和交通、经济枢纽,由此推动了成都在先秦、汉和唐宋时期的三次崛起。
[Abstract]:Chengdu is located in the Sichuan basin, which is restricted by the natural geographical conditions of the mountains around the basin, so it is very difficult to get in and out of the basin. However, if Chengdu is placed in the macroscopic geography of ancient China and Asia, Chengdu, on the other hand, is the intersection of the three major transport corridors and economic belts of the Northern Silk Road, the Southern Silk Road and the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The Southern Silk Road, which started from Chengdu, was opened long before the Qin and Han dynasties, and has continued its development for more than 2000 years. It has become an important channel for economic and cultural exchanges between the ancient Chinese interior and Yunnan, Myanmar and Southeast Asia. Chengdu was the main supplier of commodities to the Northern Silk Road, which was opened during the Han Dynasty. The silk products of Chengdu, such as Shu Jin, were found in large quantities at important archaeological sites along the Silk Road today. During the Southern and Northern dynasties, when the war disrupted the traffic in the Hexi Corridor and interrupted the Silk Road in the north from Chang'an, Chengdu was the starting point. Through the northwestern grasslands of Sichuan into Gannan, Qinghai, and then into the "Henan Road" in the western region, it became the new Silk Road, which made the trade between mainland China and the powers of the Northwest and other countries in Asia and Europe uninterrupted. Chengdu is the political and economic position of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The cultural center maintained very close economic and cultural relations with the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the pre-Qin period, and directly or indirectly connected with the Silk Road at sea through the important cities of the Yangtze River. Chengdu became the intersection, transportation and economic hub of the three economic belts in ancient China, which promoted the rise of Chengdu in the pre-Qin, Han and Tang and Song dynasties.
【作者单位】：四川大学城市研究所;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目“中国城市通史”(12AZD083)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K29;F129

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