冲撞与演进：中国景颇社会百年探究

发布时间：2018-02-17 05:14

本文关键词： 景颇社会冲撞演进认同　出处：《云南大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 利奇的《上缅甸诸政治体制：克钦社会结构之研究》(Political Systems of Highland Burma----A Study of Kachin Social Structure)一书使得景颇族／克钦族成为人类学界研究的经典民族,研究景颇社会的人类学、社会学家、历史学家代不乏人,研究成果层出不穷。回望研究中国景颇社会历史的进程,不难发现研究著述多侧重于景颇社会简史、景颇族文化生活、景颇族风俗习惯以及类似于导游册子的景颇族简介,而有深度的专题研究则较难寻觅,尤其是研究近现代景颇社会政治变迁、文化趋同、生存危机等方面的著述极少,有的也只是政府相关部门和非政府组织所做的有关吸毒、艾滋病方面的调查和分析。本论文在利奇、王筑生、何翠萍等学者研究的基础上,以中国云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州山区的景颇族为例,探讨景颇族作为中国边疆少数民族在国家一体化格局下的社会变迁以及在外来文化和现代化冲击下所面临的问题,并对中国人口较少民族的发展提出个人的思考,以期对学术界在景颇族社会现状研究方面的欠缺和疏漏有所补益。数年来研究的艰辛使我明白为什么这是一个几乎无人问津的领域。为着一个看似遥不可及却又势在必达的目标,我不懈地向前探索。这个目标就是在学术上有所创获的同时,也能从实际上帮助景颇族和其他少数民族既能享受政治上的平等、社会上的民主,又能追求物质经济上的小康和精神文化上的愉悦。本论文的主要观点是： 1.本论文将百年来景颇社会历史分为“山官制度”(1950年以前)、“政治改革”(1950年至1980年)、“村民自治”(1980年至2010年)三个阶段。当然,“村民自治”也是“政治改革”,但是,它和1950年开始的政治改革的最大不同是,它不再是“以阶级斗争为纲”的自上而下的政治运动,而是以“发展就是硬道理”为导向的发展经济改善生活的“扶贫富民”工程。 2.本论文对“山官制度”做了新的探讨。自从20世纪50年代在景颇社会的调查开始,几乎所有的资料都认为解放前景颇社会蓄奴现象已经产生和盛行,认为高黎贡山西南部地区发展成了奴隶占有制,所有的景颇“贡萨督”山官都成为了奴隶主山官。在文献研究、田野作业的基础上,本文提出景颇“山官”并非奴隶主,而是参加劳动、自食其力、享有特权的部落酋长。酋长是部落的首领,其权利是部落全体成员赋予的。重大事务由集体讨论决定,其特权并非是强制的掠夺,而是其为公众服务而得到公众自觉自愿的犒赏。正因为如此,1950年以后在景颇族地区没有采取疾风暴雨的土地改革运动,而是实行和平协商的“直接过渡”政策。 3.本论文对1950年至1980年间景颇地区开展的大跃进、两次人民公社化、政治边防等运动做了分析,指出其危害、探讨其根源,总结其教训。强调指出：党的任何一项政策的实施都必须实事求是,必须建立在群众的觉悟水平和发展生产的基础之上,不能为着领导者的功利,不顾社会生产力水平,不顾民众意愿,强制民众做有损于民众利益的各种政绩工程。 4.论文着重论述中国景颇族社会实践村民自治的情况和效果以及在这过程中遇到的问题和挑战,探讨解决的途径。这是对景颇族社会村民自治情况的首次学术考察和讨论。论文更多地注重村民自治的社会功能与价值取向,尽管研究尚欠深入,讨论不够充分,但字里行间表达笔者对现实社会问题的理性关怀。 5.论文正视在外来文化和现代化浪潮的冲击下景颇地区出现的一系列问题：生态环境的恶化,传统文化的断裂,贫富差距的扩大,道德水准的下滑等；本文特别注意景颇社会在毒品、艾滋病浸入后景颇民族面临的生存危机。论文针对解决这一系列问题的对策所提出的建议也许有些稚嫩,但呼吁全社会的关注、寻求全社会的帮助,这无疑是当前紧迫的举措。 6.论文论述了景颇婚姻制度在近现代以来的变迁。景颇的姑舅表兄妹优先婚,姑爷种和丈人种的传统婚姻体系,在现代化的浪潮中被冲刷殆尽,代之而起的是跨民族、跨地区、跨国境的婚姻。论文首次探讨景颇社会跨民族、跨地区、跨国境婚姻的形成与利弊。 7.论文论述了60年来在中华人民共和国体制内景颇族作为中华民族56个民族的一员,从相对封闭的状态下走向开放与发展的途径,在60年的发展中形成了中华民族的认同、强化了中华人民共和国的认同。民族认同与国家认同不仅关系到民族团结进步与国家统一昌盛,更重要的是景颇民族在国家认同中得以和平安定、蒸蒸日上的现实和未来期待。
[Abstract]:Burma Zhucheng's "political system: a study of the Kachin social structure (Political Systems of Highland > Burma----A Study of Kachin Social Structure) a book made Jingpo Kachin / become research anthropology classic national anthropological research, Jingpo society, social scientists, historians on behalf of many people, research results emerge in an endless stream.
Review of studies on China Jingpo society historical process, it is not difficult to find the research works mainly focus on the Jingpo social history, Jingpo cultural life, Jingpo nationality customs and similar to the guidebook of Jingpo introduction, research and depth is more difficult to find, especially the research of modern Jingpo social and political change, cultural convergence. In terms of survival crisis and other writings are some of the only relevant government departments and non-governmental organizations have done about drugs, investigation and analysis of AIDS.
In this paper, leech, Wang Zhusheng, He Cuiping and other scholars, based on the research in Yunnan Province, Chinese Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture mountain Jingpo nationality as an example, to explore the Jingpo as social change of ethnic minorities in the borderland Chinese national integration pattern and in the face of foreign culture and modernization under the impact of the problem, and put forward personal thinking the development of ethnic minorities with less population China, in order to benefit the drawbacks and loopholes in current research of the Jingpo society of academic circles.
Study on the number of years of hard so I understand why this is a field. For almost No one shows any interest in a seemingly impossible but necessary as the goal, I explore the tireless forward. This goal is. In the academic, at the same time, also can actually help the Jingpo nationality and other ethnic minorities can enjoy the political equality, social democracy, and the pursuit of material economic well-off and cultural spirit of pleasure.
The main points of this paper are as follows:
This paper will be 1. hundred years of Jingpo social history is divided into "mountain officer system" (before 1950), the "political reform" (1950 to 1980), "villager autonomy" (1980 to 2010) three stages. Of course, "villager autonomy" and "political reform", but their biggest difference and 1950 start of the political reform, it is no longer the "class struggle" top-down political movement, but with the development of economy "development is the hard truth" as the guidance to improve the lives of poor and rich people ".
2. this paper makes a new study on the "mountain officer system". Since the survey started in 1950s in the Jingpo society, almost all the data that a slave society liberation prospect phenomenon has already emerged and prevailed, that high Li southwest development into Gongshan slave owning system, all of the Jingpo Gonsar Du "" Shan Guan became slave mountain officer. Based on literature research, on the base of field, this paper ching-p'o "Shan Guan" is not the slave labor, but, in his privileged tribe. The chief is the chief of the tribe, the rights of all members of the tribe is endowed with important affairs to discuss the decision. By the collective, the privilege is not forced to plunder, but its reward for public service and public willing. Because of this, after 1950 in jingponationality areas did not take the land reform movement of the violent storm, It is a "direct transition" policy for peaceful consultations.
This paper is to carry out 3. areas from 1950 to 1980, the landscape of the great leap forward, the two people's communes, border and other political movement to do the analysis, points out its harm, explore its causes, summing up the lessons. Points out that any implementation of a policy of the party must be realistic, must be based on the political consciousness of the masses the level of development and production base, not for the leader of the utilitarian, regardless of the level of social productivity, regardless of the wishes of the people, people do have a variety of compulsory performance engineering damage to the interests of the people.
4. papers focused on the situation and effect of Chinese Jingpo society the practice of villagers autonomy and encountered in the process of the problems and challenges, to find solutions. This is the first case of Jingpo society villagers academic investigation and discussion. The social function and value orientation of the paper pays more attention to the villagers' autonomy, although the research is not deep enough. The discussion is not sufficient, but between the lines expressed the concern for the reality of rational social problems.
The 5. face a series of problems in the foreign culture and modernization under the impact of the Jingpo area: the deterioration of the ecological environment, breaking the traditional culture, the widening gap between rich and poor, the decline in moral standards; we pay special attention to the Jingpo society in the face of AIDS drugs, in the background of national survival crisis is proposed. According to a series of measures to solve this problem that maybe some immature, but called for the attention of the whole society, seek the help of the whole society, this is the current urgent measures.
6. this paper discusses changes of Jingpo marriage system in modern Jingpo. The aunts and cousins preferred marriage, a kind of master and father-in-law traditional marriage system, was washed away in the wave of modernization, replaced by the cross national, cross regional, cross-border marriage. For the first time to investigate the Jingpo society cross national, regional, and the formation of the pros and cons of cross-border marriage.
7. this paper discusses the 60 years in the People's Republic of China system interior Jingpo people as a member of the Chinese nation 56 nation, way to open and develop from a relatively closed state, in 60 years of development in the formation of the Chinese national identity, to strengthen People's Republic of China's identity. Ethnic identity and national identity is not only related to the nation unity and progress and national prosperity, more important is the Jingpo nation to peace and stability in the national identity on the upgrade, the reality and future expectations.

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K28

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