山西转型经济史研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 18:46

本文选题：山西经济　切入点：资源型产业　出处：《山西大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：为更好地把握山西经济长期转型发展演进的路径,理解山西资源依赖型经济形成的历史文化背景和区域经济发展的基本规律,本文将研究视角由当前的时点拓展至长期的历史发展过程,从长期的历史视角对山西经济的长期转型和资源型经济的转型进行分析,总结山西经济长期发展和转型的历史规律,推动山西区域经济史研究的深入,同时对新时期山西经济的转型发展也具有较强的理论和实践的指导意义。山西的经济社会变迁有着其独特之处。由于其自然地理条件,加之人口的不断增加与可供狩猎和采集的资源日渐稀缺之间的矛盾,导致狩猎采集劳动的边际产品下降,山西较早地实现了由原始社会时期的狩猎和采集业向原始畜牧业和农业的过渡,也由于其农牧兼宜的自然环境、独特的地理位置以及政府的政策,从虞夏到宋元时期三千余年的时间里,山西以种植业为主的农业并没能直接成为经济的主导部门,而是在与畜牧业的兴衰更替中逐步确立了传统农业经济的主导地位。在农业的发展过程中,有限的地力不足以养活日益增加的人口,从事手工业或者外出经商的人逐渐增多,到了明清时期,山西商业日趋发展和繁荣,甚至形成了“业贾者十之六、七”的局面。由于商业兴盛以及由此形成的路径依赖,导致山西的近代工业出现相对滞后。也由于山西商业积累的雄厚资本,加之阎锡山统治期间一系列促进措施,山西近代工业发展后发制上,到20世纪三、四十年代,一跃成为工业强省。但是,由于在钢铁、机械、化学、电力、建材等方面投入了很大资本,而在轻工业建设方面的政府投入却相当少,导致了山西工业结构的失衡,并进而影响了新中国成立之后山西经济的发展战略。新中国成立以后,在资源禀赋优势、国家经济政策和产业投资倾斜政策的多重因素综合作用下,山西走上资源型经济的发展道路。特别是在国家大规模投资的推动下,历经建国初期的重点项目建设,六、七十年代“三线建设”和改革开放后大规模的能源基地建设,山西最终形成了资源倚重型的区域经济体系。过度的煤炭资源依赖导致山西经济发展的可持续性越来越弱,资源禀赋与资源诅咒成为山西经济发展的热点问题。到20世纪九十年代,以经济结构调整为主的山西资源型经济转型被逐步提上日程,经过十余年的发展,山西经济结构战略性调整和技术转型与升级等方面取得了一定成绩,也存在着诸多不足,这也是山西省今后转型发展的努力方向。山西当前的经济转型既是山西经济跨越发展的现实要求,也是产业升级要求和低碳经济制约条件下的必然选择。转型的方向则是建立一个新的多元化的主导产业体系,实现由粗放式、高能耗、高污染的传统增长方式向集约型、技术型的现代增长转型,同时培育和营造与此相适应的生态环境、人文环境与政治环境。本文通过对技术进步与长期经济发展的历史比较分析,发现技术创新对区域经济增长具有巨大的推动作用,特别是对区域产业升级的影响不可替代,对产业升级的进度和梯度具有决定性作用。在山西经济处于相对领先位置时,技术进步往往也是相对突出的,而当技术水平和创新水平相对不足之时,山西的经济发展也相对滞后于全国。注重基础教育和科研创新,加大对人力资本的投资力度,必将推动山西经济的转型发展。通过山西历次经济转型的分析表明,山西经济的长期转型发展既符合人类历史发展演进的一般规律,也具有独特性。相对于历史时期革命性经济变革,当前山西的经济转型是一种独特的地方转型模式的新探索,是一种资源型经济转型发展的尝试,也是一项市场经济体系和体制机制的深化改革。
[Abstract]:In order to better grasp the development path of Shanxi long-term economic transformation, understanding the basic laws of Shanxi resource dependent economy to form the historical and cultural background and regional economic development, this paper will study the perspective from the current point to expand the long-term historical development process, analyze the transformation from the historical perspective on the long-term Shanxi's long-term economic transformation and resources type of economy, history and summarizes the rules of long-term development of Shanxi's economy and transformation, promote regional economic history of Shanxi deeply, but also has strong theoretical and practical development of Shanxi in the new period of economic significance.
The economic and social changes in Shanxi has its own uniqueness. Because of its natural and geographical conditions, and the contradiction between the increasing population and can be used for hunting and gathering increasingly scarce resources, leading to the marginal product of labor gatherer decline, transition of Shanxi earlier achieved hunting and gathering period from primitive society to primitive animal husbandry. Industry and agriculture, but also because of the natural environment and its agriculture and animal husbandry should be the unique geographical position and the government's policy, from Yu Xia to the song and Yuan Dynasties three thousand years, Shanxi is dominated by farming agriculture and could not directly become the leading sectors of the economy, but in the rise and fall of the animal husbandry changes gradually to establish the dominant position of traditional agricultural economy. In the process of agricultural development in the limited land is not enough to support the increasing population, engaged in handicraft industry gradually increased or go out of business people, to During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shanxi commercial development and prosperity, and even formed a "ten Jia six, seven" situation. Due to the dependence on commercial prosperity and the path thus formed, resulting in the appearance of modern industry in Shanxi is relatively backward. Because Shanxi commercial accumulation of strong capital, during the rule of Yan Xishan and a series of measures to promote. The development of modern industry in Shanxi after the hair, to twentieth Century three, in 40s, became the industrial province. However, due to the iron and steel, machinery, chemical, electric power, building materials and other aspects invested a lot of capital, and in the light industry construction of government investment is quite small, resulting in the unbalance of industrial structure in Shanxi, and then influence of the development of Shanxi's economy after the new Chinese was established.
After the new China was founded in the advantages of natural resources, the comprehensive effect of multiple factors of national economic policy and industrial investment tilt policy, development of resource-based economy. Especially in Shanxi on promoting the large-scale investment, after the founding of the construction of key projects, in 70s six, the three line construction and reform after the opening of large-scale energy base construction in Shanxi, and ultimately the formation of regional economic system resources. The excessive heavy on coal resources dependence lead to sustainable economic development in Shanxi is more and more weak, resource endowment and resource curse has become a hot issue in the economic development of Shanxi. By twentieth Century 90s, with the adjustment of economic structure of Shanxi resource-based economy is gradually put on the agenda, after more than ten years of development, Shanxi strategic adjustment of economic structure and technological transformation and upgrading has been made into The achievements, there are also many problems, which is in Shanxi province in the future direction of the transformation and development of Shanxi. The current economic transformation is the realistic requirement of Shanxi economic development, but also the requirements of industrial upgrading and low carbon economy restrict the inevitable choice conditions. The direction of the transformation is to establish a new diversified system of leading industry, from extensive, high energy consumption, high pollution of the traditional growth mode to intensive growth, modern technology transformation, and cultivate and create ecological environment to adapt to this, the humanities environment and the political environment.
Based on the technological progress and long-term economic development in the history of comparative analysis shows that the technological innovation has great role in promoting regional economic growth, especially the impact on the regional industrial upgrading is irreplaceable, play a decisive role in the progress of industrial upgrading and economic gradient. In Shanxi in a relatively leading position, technological progress is often relatively outstanding, but when the relative lack of technical level and innovation level, the development of Shanxi's economy is relatively backward in China. On the basis of education and scientific research and innovation, increase the investment of human capital strength, will promote the transformation of the economic development of Shanxi.
Through the Shanxi previous economic transformation analysis shows that the long-term transformation of the economic development of Shanxi is in line with the general laws of human development, but also has unique characteristics. Compared with the historical period of revolutionary economic transformation, the transformation of the Shanxi economy is a new exploration of unique local transformation mode, is a kind of development of resource-based economy to try also, a market economy system and the deepening reform of institutional mechanisms.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K29;F127

【参考文献】