王化和儒化：9-18世纪赣闽粤边区的社会变迁和客家族群文化的形成

发布时间：2018-01-01 07:02

本文关键词：王化和儒化：9-18世纪赣闽粤边区的社会变迁和客家族群文化的形成　出处：《福建师范大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以历史文献为主,结合考古资料和田野调查,考察了9-18世纪中原王朝政权和儒家主流文化对赣闽粤边区的渗透和传播的历史轨迹,揭示了赣闽粤边区的社会变迁与客家族群文化形成的内在逻辑；阐述了国家权力在赣闽粤边区的社会变迁和客家族群文化形成过程中所起的作用；并引用文化学的理论,对客家族群的汉民族属性作了学理上的分析。本文认为,随着唐宋以来我国古代经济重心的南移,东南各省在整个国家的财政收入占有极其重要的地位,赣闽粤边区的经济地位也日益上升；同时,大庾岭—赣江通道的开凿,也使赣闽粤边区在沟通南北交通方面起着十分重要的作用；然而,自唐宋以来,这一地区因大量外来族群的迁入,又出现了长期的社会动乱。为了维护这一地区的社会稳定,确保国家在东南地区的财税收入和南北经济动脉的畅通,中央政府改变隋唐以前依靠地方豪强进行间接统治的方式,通过征剿招抚、增设县治、推行保甲制度等“王化”措施,加强了对这里的控制和管理,实现了中央政府对这里的直接统治。与此同时,宋明理学兴起亦使儒家学术发生了从“重治”到“重教”的重大转变,儒家文化重新获得封建统治者的重视,成为国家重新构建乡村社会秩序的指导思想。受这一文化大背景的影响,中央政府在赣闽粤边区推行“王化”的过程中,也大力推行“儒化”运动,试图按照儒家伦理道德思想的模式构建赣闽粤边区的社会秩序。本文选取了兴办学校、推行旌表制度、控制宗教信仰三方面的事例,介绍了中央政权在赣闽粤边区大力推行儒家文化并取得良好效果的情况,并且认为儒家文化的广泛推广,对该地区的社会变迁和客家族群文化的形成,具有极其重要的意义。按照文化结构理论,一种文化通常可以分为物质、制度和精神三个层次,其中以价值观念为核心的精神层次决定着该种文化的文化属性。通过对客家文化结构的分析,本文认为,.尽管客家文化体系包含了多元族群文化因子,在语言、民俗、神灵信仰等许多方面含有大量土著文化的因素,但以儒家思想为核心的中原汉族文化则是该文化体系的主导文化,儒家伦理道德价值观念成为客家族群最重要的文化心理。正因为客家族群对儒家文化有着高度的文化认同,表明客家族群已经融入汉民族的大家庭,成为汉民族的一个支系。
[Abstract]:Based on historical documents and archaeological data and field investigation, this paper examines the historical track of the infiltration and dissemination of the central Plains regime and the mainstream Confucian culture to the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong in the 9-18 century. It reveals the inner logic of the social changes and the formation of Hakka culture in the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. This paper expounds the role of state power in the social changes and the formation of Hakka culture in the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. Citing the theory of culture, this paper makes a theoretical analysis of the Han nationality of Hakka ethnic groups. This paper holds that with the southward shift of the center of economic gravity in ancient China since the Tang and Song dynasties, the southeast provinces play an extremely important role in the financial revenue of the whole country, and the economic status of the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong is also rising day by day. At the same time, the excavation of Dayuling-Ganjiang channel also made the border area of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong play a very important role in the communication between north and south. However, since the Tang and Song dynasties, due to a large number of foreign ethnic groups, there has been a long period of social unrest in order to maintain the social stability of the region. The central government changed the way that the Sui and Tang dynasties relied on the local power to carry out indirect rule, through recruitment and suppression, the establishment of county governance. The implementation of such measures as the "Wanghua" system strengthened the control and management of the area and realized the direct rule of the central government. At the same time, the rise of Song Ming Neo-Confucianism also made the Confucian academic from "re-governance" to "emphasis on education" a major change, Confucian culture has gained the attention of the feudal rulers. Under the influence of this cultural background, the central government also vigorously carried out the "Confucianism" movement in the process of implementing "king" in the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. This paper tries to construct the social order in the border region of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong according to the mode of Confucian ethics and morality. This paper introduces the situation that the central regime vigorously promotes the Confucian culture in the border areas of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong and obtains good results, and thinks that the widespread spread of the Confucian culture will bring about the social changes and the formation of the Hakka culture in this area. Of great significance. According to the theory of cultural structure, a culture can be divided into three levels: material, institutional and spiritual. The spiritual level with value as the core determines the cultural attribute of this kind of culture. Through the analysis of the Hakka culture structure, this paper thinks that the Hakka culture system contains the multi-ethnic group culture factor. In many aspects, such as language, folklore, spiritual belief and so on, there are a lot of factors of indigenous culture, but the Han culture of the Central Plains is the dominant culture of this cultural system, which takes Confucianism as the core. The Confucian ethical and moral values have become the most important cultural psychology of the Hakka group. It is precisely because the Hakka group has a high degree of cultural identity to the Confucian culture, indicating that the Hakka group has been integrated into the Han nationality family. Become a branch of the Han nationality.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K207

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