明清时期太湖地区果树种植研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 10:03

本文关键词：明清时期太湖地区果树种植研究　出处：《南京农业大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：明清时期是果树种植取得显著发展的阶段,了解该时期果树种植状况,是社会经济史的一项研究内容。太湖地区因其优越的自然条件和社会条件,历来就是我国果树种植的主要区域,在全国的果树种植结构中占有着举足轻重的地位,因此太湖地区果树种植具有研究的代表性。目前对于明清时期太湖地区果树种植的研究在学术上还缺乏专门性的研究。明清时期,太湖地区的果树在前代种植的基础上不仅种类繁多,而且品质也较优异；这时期的太湖地区有杨梅、柑橘、枇杷、李、桃、梅等果树,这些果树在种植的过程中还形成了许多的优良品种,比如杨梅的乌梅、水晶杨梅、荸荠梅等品种,枇杷的白沙枇杷、塘栖枇杷等品种,桃的水蜜桃等品种。明初,柑橘种植规模逐渐扩大,从明中期开始因为频繁的大雪冻害、市场竞争和劳动力资源的重新配置等因素,种植规模有所缩小。明清时期杨梅繁殖采用选种、分株等,方法多样,杨梅种植经济效益好、市场价值高,还有抗冻属性较柑橘好,种植地域渐有浙江会稽山和苏州洞庭山扩展到苏州光福镇、无锡马迹山、杭州和嘉兴附近的丘陵山地。明清时期太湖地区枇杷种植不仅在种植的数量和产量上有了发展,随着种植地域扩大还形成名著全国的白沙枇杷和塘栖枇杷品种。这时期的桃、李、梅等果树种植规模都有不同程度的扩大,果树种植区域较前代分布更加广泛,种植面积和产量都获得了较大幅度的提高。明清时期太湖地区果树种植的发展不只与日臻完善的果树种植技术有关,它还得益于这时期太湖地区市镇的急剧发展、该地区宅园的竞相建设、经济政策对果树种植的鼓励与引导等因素,他们对这时期果树种植的发展有着同样重要的促进作用。明清时期太湖地区果树种植研究对当前有关地区发展园艺有着现实借鉴意义,要以市场为导向优化果树种植结构、加强果树园地基础配套设施建设、完善果树种植政策扶持体系、加大优势品种技术支持力度,促进果树种植的发展。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the fruit tree planting has achieved remarkable development stage, the period of fruit planting conditions, is an important research issue in the social and economic history. The Taihu area because of its superior natural conditions and social conditions, has always been our main fruit planting area, in the fruit tree planting structure occupies a pivotal position. Therefore, the Taihu area of fruit tree planting representative research. The present study for planting fruit trees in Taihu area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties is a lack of special research in the academic.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Taihu area based on the previous generation of fruit trees planted on the only variety, but the quality is excellent; the period of the Taihu area with red bayberry, citrus, loquat, plum, peach, plum and other fruit trees, these trees planted in the process of forming a good many varieties, such as bayberry plum crystal, Yangmei, water chestnut and other varieties of plum, loquat loquat, Tangqi Loquat Varieties, peach peach varieties.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the citrus scale expands gradually, from the mid Ming Dynasty started because of freezing snow frequently, the re allocation of factors such as market competition and labor resources, the scale of planting has narrowed. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties by breeding bayberry selection, ramets, methods, Myrica rubra cultivation with good economic benefit and high market value, as well as antifreeze properties compared with citrus well, Zhejiang Kuaijishan planting region has gradually expanded to Suzhou and Suzhou Dongting mountain Guangfu Town, Wuxi Majishan, Hangzhou and Jiaxing near the hills. Loquat planting in Taihu area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties is not only the development in quantity and yield planting, planting area is expanded with the masterpiece is formed and Tangqi White Loquat Loquat Varieties this period of peach, plum, plum and other fruit trees planting scale have varying degrees of expansion, fruit planting area distribution is more extensive than the previous generation, planting area and output are obtained A great improvement.
The Ming and Qing Dynasties in Taihu area and planting fruit trees not only improving fruit planting technology, it also benefits the rapid development in the Taihu area during the period of the town, the garden area to build, encourage and guide the factors such as the economic policy on fruit tree planting, plays an important role in promoting them for this period of fruit trees the development of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Planting fruit tree planting areas of Taihu on the current development of gardening area has practical significance, should be with the market oriented optimization of fruit trees planting structure, strengthen the fruit garden supporting infrastructure construction, improve the support system of fruit tree planting policy, increase the advantage of varieties of technical support, to promote the development of fruit tree planting.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：S66;K248

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