明清时期贤母形象浅析

发布时间：2018-02-01 08:47

本文关键词： 明清河南母亲教育意义　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：母亲在家庭中对子女有着生育、养育和教育的责任,这三种责任在女性身上生生不息、代代相衍,从而组成了一个个多样化的家庭,而母亲的这个特性也使得她们在女性所有责任形象中占据举足轻重的地位。中国古代文人墨客以传记、寿序、墓志铭等方式对他们所推崇、敬佩的母亲形象进行了颂扬,在小说笔记中也对社会所厌恶、鄙弃的母亲形象进行了讽刺。本文以明清时期母亲形象为切入点,分析史籍记载中的多样化母亲形象,并阐述母亲形象的家族意义和社会意义。正史中母亲形象的变化主要呈现出从贤妻良母的角色到践行贞烈的角色的趋势。贤母形象较之烈女烈妇有着衰弱的趋势,原因主要在于国家对女性贞烈行为的赞颂,致使女性没有机会实践母亲的角色或担任母亲角色的实践非常短暂,难以被流传下来;另一方面,代表苦节的方式集中于女性孝事翁姑与抚育幼孤之上,相比之下,母亲的角色被遮蔽,而被纳于节孝之中。母亲形象发生的变化更多地说明国家对于女性教育的导向作用。明清地方志和墓志铭中记录的贤母形象流传的更为广泛,不可否认其中的一些贤母同样也是节妇形象。作者对母亲形象的记述,体现在母亲对家庭内务的管理,对家族间人情交往的经营,最重要的是母亲对于子女的教育。我国古代对于男女之分尤为重视,在男权至上的社会环境下,男女教育不可混为一谈。同时母亲形象也有正面形象和负面形象之分。对负面母亲形象形成原因进行分析对女性教育有着重要意义。明清士人记录母亲的事迹主要表现其作为精神和经济方面的"贤内助",以及重视传统社会的"存嗣"问题。男性成员由于外出游历,或是忙于政事而逐渐疏离家庭,这时身为母亲角色的女性成员将承担起经理家庭"内政"的职责。而对子女的抚育和教导也体现出母亲对家族子嗣问题的重视。母亲对子女生活的精心照料、对子女为人处世的基本教导、抚育他子如己子的态度,都对子女未来的生活产生不可忽视的影响作用。
[Abstract]:The mother has the responsibility of bearing, raising and educating the children in the family. These three kinds of responsibilities are born and passed on from generation to generation in the female body, thus forming a variety of families. This characteristic of mothers also makes them play an important role in the image of women's responsibility. Ancient Chinese literati praised them by means of biography, longevity, epitaph and so on. Admiration of the image of the mother of praise, in the novel notes to the social loathing, disdain of the image of the mother was satirized. This article takes the image of the mother in the Ming and Qing dynasties as the breakthrough point. Analyze the diverse images of mothers in historical records. The change of the image of mother in official history mainly shows the trend from the role of good wife and good mother to the role of practicing virginity. The image of virtuous mother has a tendency of weakening compared with the image of strong woman. . The main reason lies in the praise of female virginity, which makes it difficult for women to carry out the role of mother or the role of mother for a short period of time. On the other hand, the way to represent the bitter festival is focused on female filial piety and the upbringing of young children. In contrast, the role of mother is obscured. The changes in the image of the mother more explain the guiding role of the state for female education. The Ming and Qing dynasties local chronicles and epitaph recorded images of the sages and mothers spread more widely. There is no denying that some of them are also part of the image of women. The author's description of the image of the mother, reflected in the mother's management of the family house, the management of human relations between the family. The most important thing is the mother's education for the children. In ancient China, the distinction between men and women was attached great importance, in the patriarchal social environment. Education between men and women can not be confused. At the same time, the image of mother also has the positive image and the negative image. The analysis of the forming reason of the negative image of mother is of great significance to the female education. "to manifest itself as a spiritual and economic" " And attach importance to the issue of "surviving heirs" in the traditional society. Male members are gradually alienating their families because they travel outside or are busy with political affairs. At this time, the female members of the mother role will assume the responsibility of managing the "internal affairs" of the family. The upbringing and teaching of the children also reflects the mother's emphasis on the issue of the issue of the issue of the children of the family, and the careful care of the mother for the life of the children. The basic teaching and the attitude of bringing up other children have an important influence on the children's future life.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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