元代民众诉讼实践中的“诉冤”与“告奸”

发布时间：2018-02-04 21:08

  本文关键词： 元代 诉讼 惯习 司法秩序　出处：《西北师大学报(社会科学版)》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：元代民众诉讼主要有"诉冤"与"告奸"两种情形。前者因诉讼者遭受各种侵害或利益纠纷而产生,其目的是通过外部力量予以救济。后者针对的是各种违法行为,其中一部分严重侵害国家统治和社会秩序的罪行,国家规定民众有举告的义务,更多的则是以奖赏鼓励举告。在"集权的简约治理"模式下,元代国家希望通过民众举告打击犯罪,同时尽量减少因婚姻、田土等纠纷产生的诉讼,以节省行政成本。而民众诉讼的根本动因皆出于自身利益,婚姻、田土等纠纷在日常生活中最为常见,必然出现"民讼之繁,婚田为甚"的结果。在诉讼中,官民之间展现出明显的立场差异。
[Abstract]:In Yuan Dynasty, there were two kinds of cases: "suing grievances" and "suing rape". The former was caused by various kinds of infringement or interest disputes, the purpose of which was to provide relief through external forces. The latter was aimed at various illegal acts. Some of them are serious crimes against state rule and social order, and the state imposes an obligation on the public to report, and more on the basis of rewards to encourage such reporting. Under the model of "centralized and simple governance," In the Yuan Dynasty, the state wanted to crack down on crime through public information, and at the same time try to reduce the litigation arising from disputes such as marriage, land and land, in order to save administrative costs. And the fundamental motivation of public litigation was out of their own interests, marriage, etc. Disputes such as land and land are the most common in daily life, and there must be the result of "the civil litigation is complicated, the marriage is the most serious". In the lawsuit, there are obvious differences between the officials and the people.
【作者单位】： 南开大学历史学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“元、明前期的江南政策与社会发展脉络”(12AZS006)
【分类号】：D929;K247
【正文快照】： 在元代,除涉及官吏的案件常由监察机关纠举,一般情况下诉讼的发生首先缘自民众向官府提起诉讼。民众在诉讼活动中虽然相对于司法机关处于弱势的地位,却又扮演着十分重要的角色。在一定意义上,民众的诉讼推动了司法活动的产生,甚至形塑了现实司法秩序。在元代史料中,常常有民风，

本文编号：1491144