辽金粮仓初探

发布时间：2018-02-12 01:09

本文关键词： 辽代金代粮仓管理功能　出处：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：仓储,是历朝历代一项重要的社会保障制度。辽金粮仓的类型主要是常平仓、和籴仓和义仓。辽代粮仓主要分布在各京道自然地理条件优越、军事位置举足轻重的地区,金代则根据州县相距的距离——以六十里为准,六十里内则州置仓,六十里外则特置。总体来说,金代粮仓分布更加广泛、普及。关于粮仓管理,辽代粮仓从政府管理、寺院粮仓两方面进行阐述。辽代粮仓设立的官方时间是在辽圣宗统和十三年,辽政府于每年秋收之时收取粮食纳入粮仓,或许民自愿假贷,收取利息,亦或纳粟补官;辽代佛教风靡,寺院也置仓储备粮食以布施灾民或补兹寺缺。辽代寺院所建仓廪大致分为三种类型,一是由寺院僧侣自发出粮谷所建,二是民众捐赠粮粟所建,三是僧侣与民众共同出资建立的。至于辽代粮仓的职掌机构,从高到低,依次是中央枢密院户房,各京道官员——南京三司使、东京户部使,都监,社司,仓曹参军。金代粮仓粟的征集则主要是依靠税粟、纳粟补官、赐度牒三种方式,金代粮粟的征收是从猛安谋克地区和州县地区分别加以征收。金代粮仓的管理机构按层级划分,主要分为中央财赋机构和地方财政机构以及基层理财机构,中央财赋机构主要是枢密院、户部、三司;地方财政机构则包括转运司、按察转运司;基层理财机构则包括四隅和籴官、县官、仓司仓使。金代粮粟的漕运路线主要有两条,第一条是辽东、北京——大务清口——咸平铜善馆——山东、河北;第二条为经节高良河、白莲潭诸水,把粮谷运往中都。最后,金代粮仓的取粮流程大致是:上报户部,户部开承帖子——户部批准,下发转运司,转运司也要开粮贴且表明物资种类及数量——仓库管理人凭帖取粮。另外关于辽金粮仓的功能,主要是粮食赈济、借贷、军事支援及备战、调粟、赏赐有功大臣及贫民。最后辽金粮仓在实际的运用中,主要存在的问题第一是辽金时期政治的腐败,导致在修建仓廪、储备粮食、赈济救灾时徙于表面,和籴粮粟时强行抑配百姓;其次是入粟补官法,造成了军事、政治选官途径的混乱,对辽金两朝造成了不可忽视的危害。
[Abstract]:Warehousing is an important social security system in successive dynasties. The types of grain warehouses in Liao and Jin dynasties are mainly Changping warehouses, and purchasing warehouses and righteousness warehouses. The grain warehouses of Liao Dynasty are mainly distributed in areas where the natural geographical conditions of the Jing and Dao areas are superior and the military position is very important. The Jin Dynasty was based on the distance between the states and counties-60 li, 60 li, and 60 li, respectively. On the whole, the grain warehouses of the Jin Dynasty were more widely distributed and popularized. With regard to the management of granaries, the granaries of the Liao Dynasty were managed by the government. The official time of setting up the granary of the Liao Dynasty was in Liaoshengzong and thirteen years. The Liao government collected grain to be brought into the granary at the time of autumn harvest every year. Buddhism was popular in the Liao Dynasty, and the monasteries also set up warehouses to store grain for the victims or fill the shortage of the temple. The granaries built in the monasteries of the Liao Dynasty were roughly divided into three types. One was built by monasteries sent out by monasteries themselves, and the other was built by people donating grain millet. Third, the monks and the public jointly funded the establishment. As for the offices in charge of the grain warehouses of the Liao Dynasty, from high to low, they were in turn the central Privy Council household rooms, the officials of Beijing and Taoism-Nanjing Sanshi ambassadors, the Tokyo household ministry emissaries, all the superintendents, and the social affairs departments. The collection of granary millet in Jin Dynasty mainly depends on three ways: tax millet, accepting millet to supplement officials, and granting ultimatum. The collection of grain millet in Jin Dynasty is collected separately from Mengan Mok area and state county area. The management organization of grain warehouse in Jin Dynasty is divided into different levels. It is mainly divided into central financial institutions and local financial institutions, as well as grass-roots financial institutions, the central financial institutions are mainly the Privy Council, the Department of Household, three departments; Grass-roots financial management organizations include Siyu he, county officials, and granary emissaries. There are two main routes for transporting grain grains in Jin Dynasty. The first one is Liaodong, Beijing, the mouth of Dawu Qingkou, Xianping Tongshan Pavilion, Shandong, and Hebei, and the second is the Gaoliang River at the Jingjie Festival. The water in Bailian Lake transported grain grain to Zhongdu. Finally, the grain collection process of the grain warehouse in Jin Dynasty was roughly: report to the household department, the household department opened the post-the household department approved, and sent to the transshipment department. The Department of Transportation also has to issue grain stickers and indicate the type and quantity of materials-the warehouse manager receives grain by post. In addition, the functions of the grain warehouse in Liao Jin are mainly grain relief, loans, military support and preparations for war, and the transfer of millet. Finally, in the practical use of the granaries of Liaojin, the main problems were, first, political corruption during the Liao and Jin dynasties, which led to the appearance of granaries being built, grain stored, and relief relief provided. The second was the law of filling officials, which caused confusion in the way of selecting military and political officials, and caused unnegligible harm to the Liao and Jin dynasties.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K246

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