梁武帝与北齐文宣帝戒杀素食比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 00:14

本文选题：梁武帝 + 文宣帝　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：发源于印度的佛教在形成初期奉行托钵乞食之制,后来佛教传播到世界各地,与当地风土人情以及文化习惯等相结合,进而使不同地域内的佛教徒因地制宜的形成了不尽相同的饮食方式。素食制度是中国汉传佛教的典型特征,同时也是汉传佛教区别于其他地域佛教派别的显著特点。中国在先秦时期便将素食与人格联系在一起,食素被认为是安贫乐道,品格高尚的表现,为儒家文化所推崇。佛教自东汉进入中国之后,与中国传统儒道文化不断交流融合,至南北朝进入辉煌时期。素食与佛教戒杀、护生等理念不谋而合,受到统治者的大力提倡,其中梁武帝和北齐文宣帝都曾推行过大规模的戒杀素食运动,为佛教素食制度在全国范围内的推广奠定了重要基础。南北朝时期是中国历史上战乱频发,分裂割据的时代,但同时也是民族融合、文化交流、多元一体的时代,佛教在这一时期发展迅猛。同时,这一时期成为佛教与中国政治结合的重要阶段,统治者在扶持佛教发展的同时也加强了对佛教的管理和控制。本文从中国传统儒家文化对待素食的态度以及佛教传播的特点出发,结合南北朝时期诸帝王对待佛教的政策演变,通过对比梁武帝和北齐文宣帝戒杀素食运动的异同,进而梳理出佛教素食制度的形成推广脉络以及佛教与政治之间的发展演变关系。经研究认为,一,梁武帝和北齐文宣帝一南一北推行戒杀素食既是出于信仰的目的,同时也是出于维护国家统治的需要。二,两者之间推行戒杀素食在初衷、诏令内容和实施、个人践行以及对后世的影响等诸多方面又有所不同,梁武帝推行的素食运动主要在僧团内部进行,北齐文宣帝将戒杀素食推广至世俗生活之中。三,北齐文宣帝在一定程度上受到了梁武帝的影响,在许多方面都有仿效梁武帝之处,但其在北朝推行的戒杀素食政策为北朝素食风气的形成以及汉传佛教素食制度的全面确立起到了极大的促进作用。
[Abstract]:Originating in India, Buddhism practiced the system of begging for food in the early stages of its formation. Later, Buddhism spread to various parts of the world, combining local customs and cultural customs. Thus, Buddhists in different regions formed different eating styles according to local conditions. Vegetarianism is a typical characteristic of Chinese Han Buddhism, and it is also a distinct feature of Han Buddhism. China linked vegetarianism with personality in the pre-Qin period. Vegetarian diet was regarded as an expression of peace and happiness and high moral character, which was respected by Confucian culture. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty came into China, Buddhism and Chinese traditional Confucianism and Taoism culture exchange and fusion, to the Southern and Northern dynasties into a glorious period. Vegetarianism coincided with Buddhist concepts of abstinence and preservation, and was strongly advocated by the rulers. Among them, Emperor Liang Wu and Emperor Wen Xuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty both carried out a large-scale campaign to give up vegetarianism. It lays an important foundation for the promotion of Buddhist vegetarian system in the whole country. The period of Southern and Northern dynasties was a time of frequent wars and separations in Chinese history, but it was also an era of ethnic integration, cultural exchange and pluralism. Buddhism developed rapidly in this period. At the same time, this period became an important stage of the combination of Buddhism and Chinese politics, and the rulers strengthened the management and control of Buddhism while supporting the development of Buddhism. Based on the attitude of Chinese traditional Confucian culture towards vegetarianism and the characteristics of Buddhism spread, combined with the evolution of the policy of the emperors in the Northern and Southern dynasties, this paper compares the similarities and differences between Liang Wudi and Wen Xuandi of the Northern Qi Dynasty in the movement of extermination of vegetarianism. And then sort out the formation and promotion of Buddhist vegetarian system and the relationship between Buddhism and politics. According to the research, first, Liang Wudi and Wen Xuandi of the Northern Qi Dynasty carried out vegetarian diet out of belief and also out of the need of maintaining the rule of the country. Second, there are differences in the original intention, the content and implementation of the imperial edict, the personal practice and the influence on later generations in the implementation of vegetarian diet between the two. The vegetarian movement promoted by Emperor Liang Wudi is mainly carried out within the Sangha. Northern Qi Dynasty Emperor Wenxuan popularized vegetarianism to worldly life. Third, Emperor Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty was influenced to a certain extent by Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty. In many respects, he emulated Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty. However, the policy of banishing vegetarianism in the Northern Dynasty played a great role in promoting the formation of vegetarianism and the establishment of the vegetarian system in Han Buddhism.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K235

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