北宋募役法改革前特殊户役探析

发布时间：2018-04-27 22:38

本文选题：职役 + 特殊户役　；参考：《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：北宋募役法改革前存在众多特殊户役,包括陵户、庙户、柏子户、畦户、俸户、佃种官田户以及家有农师、医人的农户等。这些特殊户役具有免杂役差科、专门役或由中央派出机构管理等特征。就其性质而言,陵户、庙户、柏子户属于差役;畦户可归入差雇范畴;俸户、佃种官田户则为色役户;农师、医人属于州县役人。在宋代职役与夫役的赋役解释框架下,除畦夫外的特殊户役,都接近职役。北宋募役法改革前特殊户役的职役性质不仅体现出唐宋制度的连续性;同时,也提醒学术界需要重新检讨宋代役制。宋代职役结构中并非只有州县乡役人员,也包括具有职役性质的特殊户役。尽管乡官向乡役转变使宋代地方职役有所增加,但整体上看,北宋募役法改革前无论职役还是力役都呈回缩状态。宋代役制中差雇的含混与吏役的模糊,也需要学术界在宋代役制研究中不能拘泥于宋人的役制观,应该把握中国古代役制发展的总体趋势和方向,才能弄清楚宋代役制整体结构以及具体役属性。
[Abstract]:There were many special household servitude before the reform of the law of enlistment in the Northern Song Dynasty, including mausoleum, temple, cypress, furrow, salary, tenancy, and farmers who had agricultural teachers and cured people. These special household servitude has the characteristics of no miscellaneous service, special service or management by the central agency. As far as its nature is concerned, mausoleum, temple and cypress family belong to the service; furrow households can be classified into the category of poor employment; pensioners, the tenancy of the official field households are color servitude households; agricultural teachers, medical personnel belong to the state and county servitude. In the framework of the explanation of duty service and husband service in the Song Dynasty, the special household service, except the border husband, was close to the duty service. The nature of special household service not only reflects the continuity of the system of Tang and Song dynasties, but also reminds the academic community to review the system of service in Song Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, the structure of duty service is not only the state, county and township servitude, but also the special household service with the nature of duty service. Although the transformation of township officials to rural service increased the local service in Song Dynasty, on the whole, both service and servitude were reduced before the reform of the law of enlist service in the Northern Song Dynasty. The ambiguity of poor employment and the ambiguity of official service in the service system of the Song Dynasty also requires that the academic circles should not stick to the concept of the service system of the Song Dynasty in the study of the service system of the Song Dynasty, and should grasp the general trend and direction of the development of the system of service in ancient China. Only in order to understand the overall structure of the Song Dynasty service system and the specific service attributes.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学历史系;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目“唐代色役问题研究”(16BZS041) 黑龙江大学杰出青年基金项目“唐前期色役研究”(JC2011W5)
【分类号】：K244

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