清代永定河下游的沧桑之变

发布时间：2018-05-11 15:20

  本文选题：永定河 + 沧桑之变　； 参考：《河北学刊》2017年05期

【摘要】：从明万历十年至清道光二十二年(1602—1842年),永定河下游水环境经历两次大变化。自明万历至清康熙年间,永定河下游东安、武清等地出现两次盛大水势,多地变为泽国。自清乾隆十年至道光二十二年(1749—1842年),许多河沟淀泊淤积成陆,农民耕垦其中。清康熙三十七年(1698年)筑永定河堤坝,使下口淤积,加剧环境变化:无坝前浑河散漫南流,沙泥填淤,增加土壤肥力,利于秋麦,称为一水一麦之地;有坝后,永定河所经,淀泊淤积成陆。永定河上游治理,下游受害。河淤地亩,分给沿河汛夫耕种或招民佃种,以租银为治河经费;还有州县民占地垦种升科,成为新增民地;旗民偷垦占种河淀淤地。淤地为永定河水利的最大特点,垦种使河泊淀地水面减少,影响淀泊蓄水及河道行洪能力。
[Abstract]:From ten years in Ming Dynasty to 22 years in Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the water environment of the lower reaches of Yongding River has undergone two great changes. From Ming Wanli to Qing Kangxi years, Yongding River downstream Dongan, Wuqing and other places appear twice grand water, many into the country. From ten years of Qianlong Qing Dynasty to 22 years of Daoguang in 1749-1842, many rivers and ditches were deposited and cultivated by farmers. In 37 years (1698), Kangxi built the Yongding River dike, which made the lower mouth silt up and aggravated the environmental change. Before the dam, the Hunhe River was scattered southward, the sand was filled with silt, and the soil fertility was increased, which was favorable to autumn wheat, which was called the land of one water and one wheat; after the dam, the Yongding River passed through, The lake is deposited into land. Yongding River upstream management, downstream victimization. River silt land mu, distributed along the river flood husband farming or hiring farmers to hire money for river control funds; also state and county people land reclamation species, become new people land; flag people to steal land to occupy the river deposition land. The silt land is the biggest characteristic of the Yongding River water conservancy. The reclamation species reduce the water surface of the river and affect the storage capacity of the lake and the flood discharge capacity of the river.
【作者单位】： 北京师范大学历史学院;
【基金】：2014年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目《清代北方人水矛盾及其制度调节》(skzzy2014032)
【分类号】：K249
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本文编号：1874500