金朝前期的事金宋人研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 06:26

本文选题：金朝前期 + 事金宋人　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：12世纪上半叶，中华大地上风云激荡、金戈铁马，契丹、汉、党项、女真等各个民族纷纷走上历史的前台，在相互角逐和交流的过程中，各民族政权的势力此消彼长。公元1115年，女真族的杰出首领完颜阿骨打建立了大金国，打破了辽、北宋、西夏鼎足而立的相对安定局面。金朝前期四位统治者灭辽亡宋、臣服西夏、穷追南宋，最终与南宋政权划淮对峙，用不到五十年的时间从一个被统治民族变成了那个时代事实上的主宰。对于女真族这样一个正处于从奴隶社会向封建社会转型的民族，要想统治处在封建时代繁盛时期的中原广袤地区，成为辖区内众多民族的共同统治者，就必须向先进民族汲取养分，改变落后的生产方式和管理方式，以完成时代所赋予女真民族的历史使命。因此，金朝统治集团对于所占领的北宋统治区域内的汉族官僚知识分子，对南宋出使金朝的官员都特别青睐，通过威逼利诱或强行扣留等不同方式迫其事金。所以，，这些在宋金交战及对峙时期由宋入金并为金朝服务过的人就形成了一个特殊的“事金宋人”群体。事金宋人主要是原北宋或南宋统治下的官员，由于不同原因在金朝前期一度归顺金朝或是入金后直接或间接服务于金朝统治集团。他们中有的是甘愿仕金，效忠金朝；有的则被迫仕金，伺机南归；有的虽誓死不仕，却成为汉族先进文化的传播者和民族友好交往的使者，客观上也为金朝的发展壮大做出了贡献。无论何种缘由，面对山河破碎、故国不堪回首的历史境遇，事金宋人这一特殊群体不得不流落异域，为异族统治者服务。但是，在故国君臣的眼中他们就可能是民族的罪人，难以得到宋人的理解和原谅；在金朝统治者的心里他们也始终是异族，是可以利用却不能被重用的一群人；而在与金朝其他民族同僚共事的过程中，他们也是被轻视被排挤的对象。总之，在宋金交战与对峙的历史背景下，事金宋人无法辩驳的贰臣身份令其“信而见疑”、“忠而被谤”，不得不在苦闷与彷徨中艰难的生存。事金宋人群体是特定历史条件下的产物，客观地说，他们的命运具有一定的不可选择性。民族情结与政治操守固然重要，但是，如果站在中华民族的立场上重新给他们定位，我们不能否认，他们在客观上为金朝统治的巩固，女真民族的发展进步，甚至对宋金南北对峙、民族和平交流格局的出现与稳定，对中华民族多元一体的民族关系格局的发展与演变都做出了不可磨灭的贡献。
[Abstract]:In the first half of the 12th century, all nationalities such as Jingotiema, Qidan, Han, Dangxiang and Nuzhen stepped into the front stage of history, and in the process of mutual competition and exchange, the power of the political power of all nationalities increased and waned. In 1115 AD, the outstanding leader of the Nuzhen nationality, Wan Yan Aguda, established the Great Jin State, breaking the relative stability of Liao, Northern Song and Western Xia dynasties. In the early Jin Dynasty, the four rulers destroyed the Liao Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, succumbed to the Western Xia Dynasty, pursued the Southern Song Dynasty, and finally confronted the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty. In less than 50 years, they changed from a ruled nation to a de facto master of that era. For a nation that is in the transition from a slave society to a feudal society, the Nuzhen people want to rule the vast areas of the Central Plains in the prosperous period of feudalism and become the common rulers of many nationalities in their jurisdiction. It is necessary to absorb nutrients from the advanced nations and change the backward mode of production and management in order to fulfill the historical mission entrusted to the nation by the times. Therefore, the ruling group of Jin Dynasty especially favored the bureaucrats and intellectuals of Han nationality in the occupied area of the Northern Song Dynasty, especially the officials of the Jin Dynasty who sent out missions to the Southern Song Dynasty, and forced them to pay their money by coercion, inducement or forcible detention. Therefore, these people who entered the Jin Dynasty and served for the Jin Dynasty formed a special group of "the people of Jin Dynasty and Song Dynasty" during the warring and confrontation period of Song and Jin dynasties. The people of Jin and Song Dynasty were mainly officials under the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty or the Southern Song Dynasty. For different reasons, they were obedient to the Jin Dynasty in the early Jin Dynasty or served directly or indirectly in the ruling group of the Jin Dynasty after entering the Jin Dynasty. Some of them were willing to worship gold, loyal to the Jin Dynasty; others were forced to return to the south, while others vowed to die, but they became the disseminators of the advanced culture of the Han nationality and messengers of friendly exchanges among nationalities. Objectively, it also contributed to the development of the Jin Dynasty. No matter what kind of reason, faced with the broken mountains and rivers, the historical situation of the old country was unbearable, and the special group of Jin and Song people had to live in a foreign land to serve the alien rulers. However, they may be sinners of the nation in the eyes of the monarch and ministers of the country, and they are difficult to get the understanding and forgiveness of the Song people; in the heart of the rulers of the Jin Dynasty, they are also aliens, and they are a group of people who can be used but can not be reused. And in the process of working with other ethnic colleagues of Jin Dynasty, they were also despised and excluded. In a word, under the historical background of war and confrontation in Song and Jin dynasties, the indisputable status of the second minister of the Jin and Song dynasties made them "believe and be questioned", "loyal and slandered", and had to survive in distress and loss. The people of Jin and Song dynasties are the product of special historical conditions. Objectively speaking, their fate has certain inselectivity. National complex and political integrity are of course important. However, if we re-position them from the standpoint of the Chinese nation, we cannot deny that they objectively consolidated the rule of the Jin Dynasty and the development and progress of the Nuzhen people. Even the confrontation between the Song and Jin dynasties, the emergence and stability of the pattern of peaceful national exchange, and the development and evolution of the pattern of the pluralistic ethnic relations of the Chinese nation have made indelible contributions.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K246.4

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