“使功不如使过”的界限与智慧兼谈曹操的用人之道

发布时间：2018-07-02 12:32

本文选题：毛文龙 + 袁崇焕　；参考：《领导科学》2017年10期

【摘要】：正乱世之中,"使功不如使过"的智慧总是熠熠生辉。因为从人性的角度来看,任何英才都会出于一雪前耻的动机而迸发出巨大的内在力量,即心理学中所谓的"拿破仑效应"。若没有这样的用人智慧,往往会明珠暗投、事业受挫,如诸葛亮不给马谡一雪前耻的机会;或者陷入无法挽回的挫败,如袁崇焕擅杀毛文龙。毛文龙有问题是不错的,但是他打仗有章法,练兵则更有一套,又是皇太极侧后唯一有破袭能力的将领,对于皇太极来说恰如芒刺在背。因此,袁崇焕抓住了毛文龙冒领军饷甚至私通皇太极的过错后,最为理性的做法应是"使功不如使过",可以或明或暗地警示毛文龙的过错,以此迫使毛文龙更加积极地袭扰皇太极的后方。但是袁崇焕没有如此之用人智谋,一如既往地表现出眼里不容沙子的态度,处心积虑地诱杀了毛文龙,结果不仅铸就了毛文龙的悲剧,自己更被连累至死。目前,史学家公认曹操的用人艺术高超,我们从一个微观角度即"使功不如使过"来谈曹操用人的内在逻辑,以启发当今的领导者,促进事业的发展。
[Abstract]:In times of chaos, the wisdom of "doing better than doing what you do" always sparkles. Because from the point of view of human nature, any talented person will burst out of the motive of a former shame, that is, the so-called "Napoleon effect" in psychology. Without such wisdom, they often cast bright pearls and cause setbacks, such as Zhuge Liang's failure to give Ma Su a chance to be shamed before his death, or an irreparable setback, such as Yuan Chonghuan's unruly killing of Mao Wenlong. Mao Wen-long had a problem, but he had rules for fighting and even more for training. He was the only general who had the ability to break through behind Huangtai Chi, just like a thorn in the back of Huangtai Chi. Therefore, after Yuan Chonghuan caught Mao Wenlong's fault of risking his military pay or even communicating with Huangtai Chi, the most rational way to do it should be to "make achievements worse than to make use of them" and warn Mao Wenlong of his mistakes either explicitly or implicitly. Thus forcing Mao Wenlong to attack the rear of Huangtai Chi more actively. But Yuan Chonghuan did not use such resourcefulness, as always showed the attitude of the eyes not sand, calculated to kill Mao Wenlong, the result not only cast the tragedy of Mao Wenlong, he was even more involved to death. At present, it is recognized by historians that Cao Cao has excellent employment art, so we discuss the internal logic of Cao Cao personnel from a microcosmic point of view, that is, "making merit worse than using too much", in order to enlighten today's leaders and promote the development of the cause.
【作者单位】：亳州学院;
【分类号】：K236.1

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