南宋初年沿江防御相关问题研究
发布时间：2018-07-21 19:03
【摘要】：南宋立国江南,恃江为固,沿江防御是其国防的重中之重。南宋初年,宋金战事不断,沿江之地接连被兵。为保国祚,宋廷不断加强沿江军事布置,并依战争形势和国力情况调整江防策略,使长江天险发挥了突出的防御作用。政权初立之时,为应对金军南下的威胁,南宋采取了多种方式和措施来加强沿江防御。宋廷积极推进江防建设,置沿江帅府、要郡,组织水军、战船,任命江防官员。同时,沿江地方官组织土豪、民兵参与沿江守御,并在建炎三年防秋时设置官员总领江防。这些江防措置起到了一定的江防作用,加深了南宋对江防重要性的认识。但由于江防措施执行不力、缺乏作战信心等原因,南宋未能阻止金军渡江南下。南宋初年,江防战略数次变化,由“弃淮守江”到“守江控淮”、“守淮护江”,再到“弃淮守江”,经历了江南防江到江北防江再到江南防江的防御变动。由于江、淮表裹,长江北岸在两淮境内,所以南宋江防战略的变动主要围绕江淮关系展开。总体来说,江防战略由积极到消极的转变。影响南宋江防战略发生变化的因素很多,不同阶段主导因素也多有差别,南宋军事实力的变化、宋金关系演变、宋廷政争都是其中较为关键的因素。随着宋金议和的开展和达成,在宋高宗、秦桧避战求和的国策下,南宋的主力军队由江北回归江南,江防战略趋于消极。为弥补沿江各地、各层面的防御不足,宋廷相继设立沿江措置使、副,沿江防托等使职官员加强沿江防御,成为南宋江防的重要补充。专责江防使职官员的创设是南宋沿江防御的重要变化。南宋初年,该类官员的设置时间不长,江防作用也并不突出,但却成为南宋中后期沿江制置使、副总揽江防的发端,对南宋江防体制的变化产生了一定影响。总体而言,南宋初年沿江防御有了很大发展,它强化了南宋对沿江地区的控制,有效阻遏了金军南下的攻势,使南宋政权得以在江南逐渐稳定,成为南宋立国东南的重要原因。
[Abstract]:The Southern Song Dynasty built a country in the south of the Yangtze River, relying on the river as a solid, the defense along the river is the top priority of its national defense. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song and Jin wars continued, and the land along the Yangtze River was successively enlisted. In order to protect the country, the Song Dynasty constantly strengthened the military arrangement along the Yangtze River, and adjusted the strategy of river defense according to the situation of war and national strength, which made the sky danger of the Yangtze River play a prominent defensive role. At the beginning of the regime, in response to the threat of the Jin army going south, the Southern Song Dynasty adopted various ways and measures to strengthen the defense along the Yangtze River. The Song government actively promoted the construction of river defense, set up marshals along the river, wanted counties, organized water troops, warships, and appointed Jiang defense officials. At the same time, the local officials along the river organized Tuhao, the militia took part in guarding the river, and set up the chief officer to guard against the river in the autumn of three years. These measures played a role in river defense and deepened the understanding of the importance of river defense in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the Southern Song Dynasty failed to prevent Jin Jun from crossing the river south due to the lack of enforcement and lack of combat confidence. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the strategy of river defense changed several times, from "abandoning the Huaihe River" to "guarding the Huaihe River", "guarding the Huaihe River", and then to "abandoning the Huai River", experiencing the defensive changes from the Jiangnan River to the North River and then to the South River. As the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, the north bank of the Yangtze River in the two Huaihe River, so the Southern Song River defense strategy changes mainly around the Jiang-Huai relations. On the whole, Jiang's defense strategy has changed from positive to negative. There are many factors that influence the change of the defense strategy of the Southern Song River, and the dominant factors are also different in different stages. The changes of the military strength of the Southern Song Dynasty, the evolution of the relationship between the Song and the Jin dynasties, and the political struggle of the Song Dynasty are all the more key factors. With the development and achievement of the peace between Song and Jin dynasties, under the national policy of Song Gao Zong and Qin Hui, the main troops of the Southern Song Dynasty returned from the north of the Yangtze River to the south of the Yangtze River, and the strategy of Jiang defense tended to be negative. In order to make up for the deficiency of defense in various levels along the Yangtze River, the Song Dynasty successively set up the post officials to strengthen the defense along the Yangtze River and become an important supplement to the defense of the Southern Song River. The establishment of officials responsible for Jiang defense was an important change in the defense along the Yangtze River in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the setting up time of this kind of officials was not long, and the function of river defense was not prominent, but it became a system emissary along the river in the middle and late period of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the beginning of the deputy general manager took charge of the river defense, which had a certain influence on the change of the defense system of the Southern Song River. In general, the defense along the Yangtze River in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty had a great development, which strengthened the control of the area along the Yangtze River in the Southern Song Dynasty, effectively stopped the offensive of the Jin Army to the south, made the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty gradually stable in the south of the Yangtze River, and became an important reason for the establishment of the southeastern part of the country in the Southern Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K245
[Abstract]:The Southern Song Dynasty built a country in the south of the Yangtze River, relying on the river as a solid, the defense along the river is the top priority of its national defense. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song and Jin wars continued, and the land along the Yangtze River was successively enlisted. In order to protect the country, the Song Dynasty constantly strengthened the military arrangement along the Yangtze River, and adjusted the strategy of river defense according to the situation of war and national strength, which made the sky danger of the Yangtze River play a prominent defensive role. At the beginning of the regime, in response to the threat of the Jin army going south, the Southern Song Dynasty adopted various ways and measures to strengthen the defense along the Yangtze River. The Song government actively promoted the construction of river defense, set up marshals along the river, wanted counties, organized water troops, warships, and appointed Jiang defense officials. At the same time, the local officials along the river organized Tuhao, the militia took part in guarding the river, and set up the chief officer to guard against the river in the autumn of three years. These measures played a role in river defense and deepened the understanding of the importance of river defense in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the Southern Song Dynasty failed to prevent Jin Jun from crossing the river south due to the lack of enforcement and lack of combat confidence. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the strategy of river defense changed several times, from "abandoning the Huaihe River" to "guarding the Huaihe River", "guarding the Huaihe River", and then to "abandoning the Huai River", experiencing the defensive changes from the Jiangnan River to the North River and then to the South River. As the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, the north bank of the Yangtze River in the two Huaihe River, so the Southern Song River defense strategy changes mainly around the Jiang-Huai relations. On the whole, Jiang's defense strategy has changed from positive to negative. There are many factors that influence the change of the defense strategy of the Southern Song River, and the dominant factors are also different in different stages. The changes of the military strength of the Southern Song Dynasty, the evolution of the relationship between the Song and the Jin dynasties, and the political struggle of the Song Dynasty are all the more key factors. With the development and achievement of the peace between Song and Jin dynasties, under the national policy of Song Gao Zong and Qin Hui, the main troops of the Southern Song Dynasty returned from the north of the Yangtze River to the south of the Yangtze River, and the strategy of Jiang defense tended to be negative. In order to make up for the deficiency of defense in various levels along the Yangtze River, the Song Dynasty successively set up the post officials to strengthen the defense along the Yangtze River and become an important supplement to the defense of the Southern Song River. The establishment of officials responsible for Jiang defense was an important change in the defense along the Yangtze River in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the setting up time of this kind of officials was not long, and the function of river defense was not prominent, but it became a system emissary along the river in the middle and late period of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the beginning of the deputy general manager took charge of the river defense, which had a certain influence on the change of the defense system of the Southern Song River. In general, the defense along the Yangtze River in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty had a great development, which strengthened the control of the area along the Yangtze River in the Southern Song Dynasty, effectively stopped the offensive of the Jin Army to the south, made the regime of the Southern Song Dynasty gradually stable in the south of the Yangtze River, and became an important reason for the establishment of the southeastern part of the country in the Southern Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K245
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