西汉宣元之际政治转变研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 14:09

【摘要】：西汉宣元之际是汉朝发展史上由盛而衰的转折时期。宣帝时“功光祖宗，业垂后嗣，可谓中兴。”但从元帝开始，“孝宣之业衰焉”，西汉开始衰落。这种由盛而衰的转折，是和汉家在这一时期从“霸王道杂之”到纯儒政治的政治转变密切相关的。本文以西汉宣元之际豪强和儒生的豪族化以及经学统治地位的确立为主线，来揭示豪族是导致这一政治转变的决定性力量。第一章，围绕着对西汉中后期的经济、政治和思想政策产生重大影响的盐铁会议展开论述。通过对武帝后期的社会危机、武帝时内政的实质、豪强在汉初及武帝时的曲折发展及其初步的豪族化及儒生在武帝时实际政治地位下降的讨论，来说明盐铁会议的实质是：代表豪强利益的贤良文学向以桑弘羊为代表的用法兴利派争夺政治权力、经济利益的斗争。第二章，论述在宣帝时期，随着经济实力的增强，豪强地主迅速通过选举制度向政权靠拢，纳入皇权体系之内。成为既有经济实力，又有政治权力并通晓经学的豪族。另一方面，经学在宣帝朝日益受到统治阶级的重视并渗透到政治生活的各个方面，更通过石渠阁经学会议，实现了经学与皇权结合，真正确立了经学在政治思想中的统治地位。随着儒家思想在政治上的统治地位逐渐确立，儒生政治崛起，儒生日益豪族化。随着豪强和儒生的豪族化，最终在宣帝后期打破了用法兴利派与豪族共享国家的政治权力和经济利益的局面，豪族独居统治地位，为向纯儒政治的转变奠定了基础。第三章，论述宣元时期，随着由豪强和儒生转化而来的豪族日益官僚化、儒学化、世官化，豪族已构成汉代政权的基础，成为政治上的支配力量。无论是经济、政治和意识形态，都掌握在豪族手中。这不仅影响了宣元时期政权的构成，，也使豪族的思想——儒学成为社会和政策的指导思想，由此，元帝时期的政治开始向纯儒政治转变。豪族完全左右了王朝的内外政策，国家的政策体现了豪族的利益。余论部分：利用美国著名经济学家曼库尔·奥尔森的利益集团理论解释以豪族为代表的分利集团与宣元之际政治转变和西汉兴衰的关系。再次论证了豪族是决定宣元之际政治转变的决定性力量，也是导致西汉衰落的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The period of Xuan Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty was a turning point from prosperity to decline in the history of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Xuandi, "Gong Guang ancestors, property down heirs, can be described as Zhongxing." But from the Yuan Emperor, "filial piety declaration of the cause of decline", the Western Han Dynasty began to decline. This transition from prosperity to decline is closely related to the political transformation of the Han family from overlord to pure Confucian politics in this period. This paper, based on the establishment of the dominant position of the Confucian and the powerful and the Confucian scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, reveals that the Haozu is the decisive force leading to this political transformation. The first chapter focuses on the salt and iron conference which had a great influence on the economy, politics and ideological policy in the middle and late Han Dynasty. Through the discussion of the social crisis in the later period of Emperor Wu, the essence of the internal affairs of Emperor Wu, the tortuous development of the great and strong in the beginning of Han Dynasty and the time of Wu Emperor, and the discussion of the initial nationalization and the decline of the actual political status of Confucianism in the time of Wu Emperor. To explain the essence of the Yantie Conference: the good literature representing the interests of the great and strong fought for political power and economic interests against the usages represented by Sang Hong-yang. The second chapter discusses that in the period of Xuandi, with the strengthening of economic strength, the powerful landlords quickly drew close to the regime through the electoral system and brought it into the imperial power system. Become both economic strength, political power and knowledge of the great clan. On the other hand, the Confucian classics was paid more and more attention by the ruling class in the Xuandi Dynasty and infiltrated into all aspects of political life. Through the Scholastic meeting of the Shiqu Pavilion, the combination of the Confucian classics and the imperial power was realized, and the dominant position of the Confucian classics in the political thought was really established. With the gradual establishment of Confucian ideology in political dominance, the rise of Confucian politics, Confucianism has become more and more aristocratic. With the popularity of the powerful and the Confucian, it broke the situation that the political power and economic interests of the country were shared between the usages of the Prosperity and the Haozi in the late period of Xuandi. The Haozi lived alone in the dominant position, which laid the foundation for the transformation to the pure Confucian politics. The third chapter discusses the Xuanyuan period, with the transformation from the powerful and the Confucian to the increasingly bureaucratic, Confucianism, the world official, the power of the Han Dynasty has formed the basis of the political dominance. Economic, political and ideological, it is in the hands of the aristocrats. This not only influenced the constitution of the regime in Xuan and Yuan dynasties, but also made Confucianism the guiding ideology of society and policy. Therefore, the politics of Yuan Dynasty began to change to pure Confucian politics. The grand people completely controlled the internal and external policies of the dynasty, and the national policies embodied the interests of the great people. The last part: using the interest group theory of Manqour Olson, a famous American economist, to explain the relationship between the distribution of interest group represented by the hau clan and the political change of Xuan Yuan period and the rise and fall of the Western Han Dynasty. Once again, it is demonstrated that the Haozu is the decisive force of the political transformation in the period of Xuanyuan Yuan, and the main cause of the decline of the Western Han Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K234.1

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