陆九渊对孟子思想的继承与发展
发布时间：2018-10-20 18:49
【摘要】：儒学是中国文化的主流，从其产生之日起，就在中国历史上形成了不容忽视的影响，从战国时期“百花齐放、百家争鸣”中的一支，到汉武帝的“罢黜百家、独尊儒术”，再到魏晋时期的“越名教而任自然”和隋唐时期的三教鼎力，以及宋明时期的进一步发展。 虽然儒学发展的道路比较曲折，但依然是学界的主流，是大多数统治者选择的治国方针。宋明时期，儒学继续发展，以注重“理”和“心”的研究为特征，称为宋明理学。宋明理学的代表人物有宋初三先生、北宋五子、朱熹、陆九渊、王阳明等，各自的发展都有自己的来源和特点，本文主要研究在新儒学兴起的大背景下，陆九渊思想的来源，即陆九 渊对孟子思想的传承与发展。陆九渊是宋代著名的思想家，是心学的开创者，其思想方面的成绩卓越，贡献巨大。学术界对陆九渊的研究很多，但是对于他的政治思想，尤其是对他与孟子思想的传承与发展方面的研究成果相对较少。对于陆九渊的学术渊源，目前学术界还有争议：有学者认为陆九渊思想来源于以二程为首的伊洛之学，这是学术界的一般看法，还有学者认为陆学来源于禅学，甚至直接说“陆学即禅学”，这是元明以来最普遍的观点，还有一种观点认为，陆九渊的思想来源于孟子，是对孟子思想的继承和发展。陆九渊本人也持此说。我们认为， 陆九渊的思想确实是受孟子的影响，由孟子思想发展而来。陆九渊在孟子思想的基础上，提出了“心即理”、“宇宙即是吾心，吾心即是宇宙”等著名心学理论，而这些论断的核心则是“本心”。学者们都认为陆九渊是以“本心”为基础构建了自己整个的心学理论体系。我们不能否认的是，陆九渊的心学，是在对孟子心性论进行吸收的基础上形成的，而他的“民为邦本”的政治思想、以及天人合一的理想人格 思想也是摄取了孟子的民本思想和“大丈夫”的理想人格思想。本文基于探索陆九渊与孟子思想的关系，从整个儒学发展的历程，，试图理清孟子与陆九渊的思想传承，以肯定陆九渊对孟子的的继承与发展，进而继续了解陆九渊的思想特征，以便深层次的理解陆九渊思想的内涵与意义，更加全面深刻的认识陆九渊思想，同时也更加肯定孟子思想及儒家思想的强大影响力。
[Abstract]:Confucianism is the mainstream of Chinese culture. Since its emergence, Confucianism has formed an influence in Chinese history that can not be ignored. From one of the "hundred flowers blossom, a hundred schools of thought contending" in the warring States period, to the Han Wu Emperor's "ousting 100 schools of thought and respecting Confucianism", Then to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the further development of Song Ming. Although the development of Confucianism has a tortuous path, it is still the mainstream of academic circles and the governing policy chosen by most rulers. During Song Ming's period, Confucianism continued to develop, characterized by a focus on "reason" and "heart". The representative figures of Song Ming's Neo-Confucianism are Mr. third of Song Dynasty, five sons of Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Jiuyuan and so on. Each of them has its own source and characteristics of development. This paper mainly studies the origin of #china_person thought under the background of the rise of Neo-Confucianism. Namely Lu Jiuyuan to Mencius thought inheritance and development. Lu Jiuyuan is a famous thinker in Song Dynasty and the pioneer of the study of mind. There are a lot of studies on Lu Jiuyuan in academic circles, but there are few researches on his political thoughts, especially on the inheritance and development of his and Mencius thoughts. As for Lu Jiuyuan's academic origins, there are still controversies in the academic world: some scholars believe that the thought of Lu Jiuyuan originated from the Yiluo school headed by Ercheng, which is the general view of the academic community, and some scholars believe that the land science comes from Zen. It is the most common view since the Yuan and Ming dynasties that Lu Jiuyuan's thought originates from Mencius and inherits and develops Mencius' thought. Lu Jiuyuan himself holds this view. We believe that Lu Jiuyuan's thought was really influenced by Mencius and developed from Mencius' thought. On the basis of Mencius' thought, Lu Jiuyuan put forward the theory of "mind is reason", "the universe is my heart, my heart is the universe" and so on. The scholars think that Lu Jiuyuan constructed his whole theory system of psychology on the basis of "original mind". What we cannot deny is that Lu Jiuyuan's psychology was formed on the basis of the absorption of Mencius' theory of mind and nature, and his political thought that "the people are the foundation of the state" And the ideal personality thought of the unity of man and nature is also an ingestion of Mencius' people-oriented thought and the ideal personality thought of "great husband". Based on the exploration of the relationship between Lu Jiuyuan and Mencius, and from the whole development of Confucianism, this paper tries to clarify the inheritance of Mencius and Lu Jiuyuan, so as to affirm the inheritance and development of Mencius by Lu Jiuyuan, and then to continue to understand the ideological characteristics of Lu Jiuyuan. In order to deeply understand the connotation and significance of Lu Jiuyuan's thoughts, and to understand Lu Jiuyuan's thought more comprehensively and profoundly, and to affirm the powerful influence of Mencius' thought and Confucian thought at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B244.8;K244
本文编号：2284068
[Abstract]:Confucianism is the mainstream of Chinese culture. Since its emergence, Confucianism has formed an influence in Chinese history that can not be ignored. From one of the "hundred flowers blossom, a hundred schools of thought contending" in the warring States period, to the Han Wu Emperor's "ousting 100 schools of thought and respecting Confucianism", Then to the Wei and Jin dynasties, the Sui and Tang dynasties, and the further development of Song Ming. Although the development of Confucianism has a tortuous path, it is still the mainstream of academic circles and the governing policy chosen by most rulers. During Song Ming's period, Confucianism continued to develop, characterized by a focus on "reason" and "heart". The representative figures of Song Ming's Neo-Confucianism are Mr. third of Song Dynasty, five sons of Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Jiuyuan and so on. Each of them has its own source and characteristics of development. This paper mainly studies the origin of #china_person thought under the background of the rise of Neo-Confucianism. Namely Lu Jiuyuan to Mencius thought inheritance and development. Lu Jiuyuan is a famous thinker in Song Dynasty and the pioneer of the study of mind. There are a lot of studies on Lu Jiuyuan in academic circles, but there are few researches on his political thoughts, especially on the inheritance and development of his and Mencius thoughts. As for Lu Jiuyuan's academic origins, there are still controversies in the academic world: some scholars believe that the thought of Lu Jiuyuan originated from the Yiluo school headed by Ercheng, which is the general view of the academic community, and some scholars believe that the land science comes from Zen. It is the most common view since the Yuan and Ming dynasties that Lu Jiuyuan's thought originates from Mencius and inherits and develops Mencius' thought. Lu Jiuyuan himself holds this view. We believe that Lu Jiuyuan's thought was really influenced by Mencius and developed from Mencius' thought. On the basis of Mencius' thought, Lu Jiuyuan put forward the theory of "mind is reason", "the universe is my heart, my heart is the universe" and so on. The scholars think that Lu Jiuyuan constructed his whole theory system of psychology on the basis of "original mind". What we cannot deny is that Lu Jiuyuan's psychology was formed on the basis of the absorption of Mencius' theory of mind and nature, and his political thought that "the people are the foundation of the state" And the ideal personality thought of the unity of man and nature is also an ingestion of Mencius' people-oriented thought and the ideal personality thought of "great husband". Based on the exploration of the relationship between Lu Jiuyuan and Mencius, and from the whole development of Confucianism, this paper tries to clarify the inheritance of Mencius and Lu Jiuyuan, so as to affirm the inheritance and development of Mencius by Lu Jiuyuan, and then to continue to understand the ideological characteristics of Lu Jiuyuan. In order to deeply understand the connotation and significance of Lu Jiuyuan's thoughts, and to understand Lu Jiuyuan's thought more comprehensively and profoundly, and to affirm the powerful influence of Mencius' thought and Confucian thought at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B244.8;K244
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