秦汉时期岭南移民问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-20 14:24

【摘要】： 秦汉是岭南地区政治经济发展的开拓期,在整个岭南发展史上占据着重要的地位。而这一时期它的蓬勃发展与中原移民的南下有着直接的关系。移民的到来,不仅给岭南带来了先进的生产工具和生产技术,补充了岭南劳动力的不足,更重要的是通过文化传播的作用,促进了制度进步和人们精神面貌和观念形态的转变,加速了岭南文明的进程。移民能够来到岭南并迅速与当地居民融合一起,是由多种原因决定的。首先就是岭南的地理、气候等自然条件适宜农业生产,而且当地也有着原始农业的经验和基础,这就为能够养活更多的人口提供了前提。因此来到岭南的中原移民才能够安家落户,才能与当地居民迅速融合。同时,五岭交通线路的开辟和整治也为移民的到来提供了方便条件,沟通了岭南与内地的联系,奠定了其后历代岭南与北方交通的基础。因此,交通条件对秦汉时期的岭南移民所起到的积极作用和影响是不容忽视的。秦代是岭南移民的开端,它是伴随着对岭南地区的军事占领和征服来进行的。因此秦代岭南移民的特点是以军事性和政治性为主.第一批来到这里的移民是由“戍卒”、因罪迁徙的“有罪吏”、“尝逋亡人”和“商人”、“赘婿”等“贱民”,再加上被强制迁移过来的“平民”等所组成。这些移民有着不同的背景,因此他们对岭南各方面的发展起着不同程度的影响。由于交通、地理等多方面的原因,决定了秦朝移民在岭南的分布,主要集中在珠江三角洲以及东江、北江、桂江沿岸的河谷平原和连接中原的交通线上。汉代的移民与秦代不同,秦代是“凿空”,汉代是在秦代移民的基础上继续的。它没有出现像秦代那样大规模的移民,而是以零星的方式逐渐进入。由于汉代延续时间长达四百年,积累起来的移民数量并不少,这从“两汉书”中的户口统计数字上可以看出。移民的类型也呈现出多样性:有实边戍守之人、政治流放者、避乱流寓者、仕宦任职者还有自发前来的商贾等,为岭南地区的整体开发提供了多方面的人才准备。由于两汉时期岭南地区社会相对稳定,因此中原移民大批南迁,使得岭南地区的人口数量有了较大的增长,但移民的分布区域并不是均匀的,而是从北向南逐渐递减,这也符合一般移民的规律。秦汉时期中原移民的到来,除了达到统治者固边安疆、稳定统治秩序等政治目的外,客观上还对岭南的农业、手工业、商业、风俗习惯、兴办教育、制度建设等方面都产生了重要影响。经过秦汉时期的移民,这里的民族融合达到了新的高度,至隋唐时岭南的加速发展已成为不可逆转的历史潮流。
[Abstract]:Qin and Han dynasties are the pioneering period of political and economic development in Lingnan area, and occupy an important position in the whole history of Lingnan development. Its vigorous development during this period has a direct relationship with the southward migration of the Central Plains. The arrival of immigrants not only brought advanced production tools and production techniques to Lingnan, but also supplemented the shortage of Lingnan's labor force. More importantly, it promoted the progress of the system and the change of people's mental outlook and ideology through the role of cultural transmission. The process of Lingnan civilization was accelerated. Immigration to Lingnan and rapid integration with local residents is determined by a variety of reasons. The first is the geography climate and other natural conditions of Lingnan suitable for agricultural production and the local experience and foundation of primitive agriculture which provides a prerequisite for the ability to feed more people. Therefore, the Central Plains immigrants to Lingnan can settle down and integrate rapidly with local residents. At the same time, the opening and renovation of Wuling traffic line also provided convenient conditions for the arrival of immigrants, linked the link between Lingnan and the interior, and laid the foundation for the traffic between the south and the north of the five ridges in later dynasties. Therefore, the positive effect of traffic conditions on the Lingnan immigrants in Qin and Han dynasties can not be ignored. Qin Dynasty was the beginning of Lingnan emigration, which was accompanied by the military occupation and conquest of Lingnan region. Therefore, the characteristics of Lingnan immigrants in Qin Dynasty are mainly military and political. The first settlers were made up of "garrison soldiers", "guilty officials" who had migrated because of their crimes, "Tu Bu's dead" and "merchants", "redundant son-in-law" and other "untouchables", plus "civilians" who had been forcibly relocated. These immigrants have different backgrounds, so they have a different degree of influence on the development of various aspects of Lingnan. Due to traffic, geography and many other reasons, the distribution of Qin immigrants in Lingnan was mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, Dongjiang River, Beijiang River, the valley plain along the coast of Guijiang River and the traffic line connecting the Central Plains. The Han Dynasty is different from the Qin Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty is "chiseling", the Han Dynasty is on the basis of the Qin Dynasty immigrants. It did not appear as large-scale immigration as the Qin Dynasty, but gradually in a sporadic manner. As the Han Dynasty lasted as long as 400 years, the accumulation of immigrants is not small, this can be seen from the "two Hanshu" statistics of hukou. The types of immigrants also showed diversity: the people with solid border garrison, political exiles, those who avoid chaos, the incumbents of official officials and the businessmen who came spontaneously, provided various talents preparation for the overall development of Lingnan region. Due to the relatively stable society in the Lingnan region during the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains emigrated to the south in large numbers, which made the population of the Lingnan region increase greatly. However, the distribution of the immigrants was not even, but gradually decreased from north to south. This also accords with the law of general immigration. The arrival of the Central Plains immigrants during the Qin and Han dynasties, in addition to achieving the political aims of the rulers in securing the border and stabilizing the ruling order, objectively provided education to the agriculture, handicraft industry, commerce, customs and habits of the south of the five ridges. System construction and other aspects have had an important impact. Through the immigration of Qin and Han dynasties, the ethnic integration here reached a new height, and the accelerated development of Lingnan in the Sui and Tang dynasties has become an irreversible historical trend.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K232

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