于慎行研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 11:21

【摘要】：于慎行历经嘉隆万三朝，官至明代内阁大学士，是明代后期有名的政治家、文学家、史学家。于慎行生于明代嘉靖二十四年（1514年），卒于明代万历三十五年（1608年），，于慎行原祖籍文登，是兖州府东阿县人。于慎行字可远，又字无垢，号谷山，后世称其为于阁老。于慎行年轻时期就表现出不凡的才华，他在17岁时便乡试中举，隆庆二年中进士，后改为翰林院庶吉士。万历年间，参与修撰《穆宗实录》并参与了《明会典》的重修，后来又破例以史官充任日讲官。于慎行目睹了明代中后期的政治腐败，吏治败坏，士风日下等种种不正之风。他本人言行一致，为官清廉，刚正不阿，在政治上，他主张宽和为政，提倡改革官场作风，反对个人专断，要求官员洁身自重，这在当时明代后期黑暗腐败的官场上，无疑是很可贵的。在经济上于慎行积极肯定商人的地位，高度评价工商业的作用，主张对商人和工商业给予切实的保护和扶持。在思想上于慎行积极主张儒、佛、道三教融合，他指出在三教融合过程中，儒家必须占主导地位，并驾驭佛、道二教，这种三教合一是在以儒家思想占主导地位的前提下实现的。于慎行为官期间品行端正、刚正不阿、言行一致，在原则问题上他宁愿丢弃官职也不妥协，这种性格导致了他一生的仕途坎坎坷坷，三起三落。于慎行辞官回归故里以后，依旧心系国家、忧国忧民，其将大部分时间都用在了读书著述上，他著有的著作有：《兖州府志》、《读史漫录》、《谷山笔麈》、《古城山馆诗集》、《谷城山馆文集》等。万历二十四年本的《兖州府志》纂修于明代中期，共五十二卷。于慎行在编纂期间对文献资料进行了大量征集，还历览了州郡县各地有关地形、赋役、水利、交通、手工业等与国计民生有关的资料，历经三年多编纂才得以完成。《兖州府志》内容极其详尽，有极高的史料价值，其史料价值不仅高于前代的《兖州府志》，比后来清代乾隆年间陈顾主编的《兖州府志》也有许多优长之处，堪称明代方志中不可多得的佳作。于慎行自幼受儒家传统文化的熏陶，用儒家传统的完美道德去衡量人及人生价值，有着达则兼济天下，穷则独善其身的胸怀。于慎行的一生都充满了浓厚的忧患意识。他主张在其位谋其政，居其官负其责；在野心系国家，忧国忧民；悲天悯人，顾念苍生，这种忧患之情在他的许多著作中都表现的很明显。于慎行的家乡是平阴县，那里历史悠久，文化灿烂，历代人文景观荟萃，而且有众多名胜古迹。于慎行以其崇高的人格魅力、广博的学识、出色的史学文学成就赢得了世代家乡人的怀念和尊重，这些都为其家乡的文明建设留下了宝贵的精神财富。研究于慎行的治学、文学、史学等成就及其忠君爱国、敢于直言、清正廉明的士大夫风范，对于弘扬中华民族的传统文化，促进祖国的学术发展都有着重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Yu Shenxing was a famous statesman, writer and historian in the late Ming Dynasty. Yu Shenxing was born in Ming Dynasty Jiajing twenty-four years (1514), died in Ming Dynasty Wanli 35 years (1608), Yu Shenxing original home Wendeng, Yanzhou Prefecture Donga County. Yu Shenxing word can be far, and the word no dirt, no Gushan, later known as the pavilion old. Yu Shenxing showed extraordinary talent when he was young, when he was 17 years old in the rural test, Longqing two years in the Scholars, then changed to Hanlin Yuan Shu Ji Shi. During the Wanli period, he participated in the revision of Mu Zong, and later took part in the restoration of the Ming Dynasty, and later made an exception as a Japanese official. Yu Shenxing witnessed the middle and late Ming Dynasty political corruption, corruption of officials, the decline of scholars and other unhealthy winds. He himself acts in line with his words and deeds, being clean and upright. Politically, he advocates leniency, reform of the official style, opposition to personal arbitrariness, and the need for officials to be clean and self-respecting. This was in the dark and corrupt officialdom of the late Ming Dynasty. There is no doubt that it is very valuable. In economy, we should actively affirm the status of merchants, highly evaluate the role of industry and commerce, and advocate to give practical protection and support to businessmen and industry and commerce. He pointed out that in the process of the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, Confucianism must play a leading role and control Buddhism and Taoism. The integration of the three religions was realized on the premise of Confucianism. While he was an official, he was upright, upright and consistent with his words and deeds. On the issue of principle, he preferred to abandon his official duties rather than compromise, a character that led to a bumpy career and three ups and downs in his life. After Yu Shenxing resigned from his post, he was still concerned about the country and worried about the people. He spent most of his time reading and writing. His works include: Yanzhou Government Records, "A Companion of History", and "Gushan Pen Zhu". The collection of poems in Gucheng Mountain Museum, the collection of works in Guchengshan Pavilion, and so on. Wanli Twenty-four years of the "Yanzhou government chronicles" compiled in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, a total of 52 volumes. During the compilation period, Yu Shenxing collected a large number of documents and materials related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, including landforms, taxes, water conservancy, transportation, handicrafts, and so on. It took more than three years to complete the compilation. Yanzhou official Records is extremely detailed and of great historical value, and its historical value is not only higher than that of the previous dynasties. Yanzhou Fuzhi, edited by Chen Gu in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, has many advantages, and is a rare masterpiece in the Ming Dynasty. Yu Shenxing was influenced by the Confucian traditional culture from a young age. He used the perfect morality of Confucian tradition to measure the value of human and life. He cared about the people when he was in a position and paid attention to his own mind when he was unknown. Yu Shenxing's life is full of a strong sense of suffering. He argued that he should seek his government in his own place, that he should be responsible for his position; that he was in opposition to the country and that he was worried about the nation; and that the feeling of compassion and concern for the living was evident in many of his works. Yu Shenxing's hometown is Pingyin County, which has a long history, splendid culture, cultural landscape, and numerous places of interest. Yu Shenxing, with his lofty personality charm, extensive knowledge and outstanding achievements in historiography and literature, has won the nostalgia and respect of his hometown people for generations, all of which have left valuable spiritual wealth for the civilization construction of his hometown. It is of great significance to study Yu Shenxing's achievements in academic studies, literature, history, and the style of literati and officials who are loyal to the emperor and patriotic, dare to speak up, and be honest and honest. It is of great significance to carry forward the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and promote the academic development of the motherland.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K248

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