仲长统思想探微
发布时间：2019-02-20 10:20
【摘要】： 仲长统(180—220)是汉末唯物主义哲学家、进步的思想家、文学家,是东汉末年社会批判思潮的最后一位代表人物。东汉末年是一个异常混乱的年代,各种社会矛盾不断激化,国家机器无法正常运转。当时外戚宦官相继专权,知识分子仕途受阻,仲长统只好退而著书立说。仲长统所著的《昌言》全书“十余万言”,至今仅存有《理乱》、《损益》、《法诫》三篇,总计不到两万字,为原书的十之一二,并且分布在不同的典籍和文章中。《昌言》指摘时弊,从政治、经济、哲学等各个方面对东汉后期的社会百病进行了深刻剖析。本文的选题主要是以其政论文《昌言》辅之以后人辑录的有关词句为研究载体,对仲长统的思想产生的时代背景以及主要内容加以探析,同时结合其与东汉王符、王充、荀悦等人在不同层面的思想比较,以期对仲长统的思想做一个客观和全面的评价。 中国学术界对仲长统思想的关注贯穿于整个秦汉史研究,内容涉及政治、经济、哲学、法律史等各个方面。其中对《昌言》的研究较为突出。作者在总结前人研究的基础上,通过查阅大量文献资料,对仲长统的思想进行了研究。文章主要从四个层面:一是论述仲长统生活的时代特点和生平著作,为论述仲长统在当时特殊历史时期的思想作铺垫。仲长统的思想正是他所生活的时代背景下的产物,在这个背景下对仲长统思想加以探析,有助于我们对仲长统思想做一客观分析和评价。第二个层面,作者首先分析了仲长统人文主义的历史治乱说和关注现实的政治批判思想;又从“限夫田以断并兼”、租税什一、更赋如旧、高薪养廉和“去末作以一本业”的农业思想四方面展示仲长统的经济改制论思想;仲长统德主刑辅、宽猛相济的治国主张是作为第三个层面展开论述的;然后就是仲长统的天人关系和名实之辩以及处世和养生思想。这就从不同侧面展示了仲长统的思想。 仲长统的历史地位是不容忽视的,他在“天人感应”学说居于正宗统治地位的年代,敢于明确提出“人事为本,天道为末”的观点,表现出他哲学思想的唯物主义倾向和历史进步性;他对历史变化趋势做了比较精辟的分析,阐述了社会的治乱遵循着一个由盛而衰的历史过程;他的德主刑辅思想又是当时名法思潮的产物;同时,仲长统的思想又是矛盾的,其人生观更是迷惘的。他既有超世脱俗、寄情山水的精神追求,又时时为经济残破、战乱不息、民众流离的悲惨世界而感慨叹息;他既有社会危乱、无法救治的悲叹,又不放弃对匡世济民良策的寻求。他的身上折射出的是两汉儒学向魏晋玄学的过渡,他本人也成为魏晋名士的先驱。仲长统所提出的封建、井田、肉刑问题正是在中国长期的封建社会中,地主阶级的思想家们,谈到社会改革问题的时候,总是不免要提及的三个重要问题,所以对仲长统思想进行研究是有必要的。
[Abstract]:Zhong Changtong (180-220) was a materialist philosopher, progressive thinker and writer in the late Han Dynasty and the last representative of social critical thoughts in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was an unusually chaotic time, various social contradictions intensified, the state machine could not function normally. At that time, foreign eunuchs one after another, intellectuals blocked career, Zhong Changtong had to retreat and write books. The book "more than 100,000 words" written by Zhong Changtong has so far contained only three articles, namely, "chaos of reason", "profit and loss", and "the Commandments of the Law". The total amount is less than 20,000 words, which is one tenth or two of the original book. And distributed in different books and articles. "Changyan" accusations against the malpractice, from the political, economic, philosophical and other aspects of the late Eastern Han Dynasty social diseases were deeply analyzed. The main topic of this paper is to analyze the background and main contents of Zhong Changtong's thought by using the related words compiled in his political thesis "Changyan" as a research carrier, at the same time, combining it with the East Han Dynasty's Wang Fu, Wang Chong. Xunyue and others compare their ideas at different levels in order to make an objective and comprehensive evaluation of Zhong Changtong's thoughts. The Chinese academic circles pay close attention to Zhong Changtong's thoughts throughout the history of Qin and Han dynasties, including politics, economy, philosophy, legal history and so on. Among them, the study of Changyan is more prominent. On the basis of summing up the previous studies, the author studied Zhong Changtong's thought by consulting a lot of literature. The article is mainly from four aspects: first, it discusses the characteristics and life of Zhongchang's life, and paves the way for discussing Zhongchang's thoughts in the special historical period at that time. The thought of Zhong Changtong is just the product of the background of the times in which he lives. Under this background, it is helpful for us to make an objective analysis and evaluation of the thought of Zhong Changtong. At the second level, the author first analyzes Zhongchang humanism's theory of historical governance and political criticism concerned with reality. It also shows Zhongchang's thought of economic reform from the four aspects of the agricultural thought of "restricting the husband to break the farmland and simultaneously", the tax and tax one, the old, the high salary and the clean government, and the agricultural thought of "going to the end with one industry". Zhongchang's idea of ruling the country with mercy and fierce punishment as the third level, and then Zhongchang's argument on the relationship between heaven and man, the debate of name and reality, and the thought of dealing with the world and preserving one's health. This shows the thought of Zhong Changtong from different aspects. The historical position of Zhong Changtong is not to be ignored. He dared to put forward the view that "personnel is the basis, Heaven is the last" in the era of "the theory of" Heaven and Man's Induction "occupies the ruling position of the authentic sect." It shows the materialistic tendency and historical progress of his philosophical thought. He made a more incisive analysis of the trend of historical change, elaborated that the social disorder is following a historical process from prosperity to decline, and his thoughts of morality and punishment are the product of the ideological trend of name and law at that time. At the same time, Zhong Changtong's thoughts are contradictory, and his outlook on life is even more confused. He not only transcends the world from vulgarity, send feelings of the spirit of the pursuit of mountains and rivers, but also for the economic breakdown, endless war, people displaced from the tragic world and sigh with emotion; He not only laments that the society is in danger and cannot be cured, but also does not give up the pursuit of Kuang Shi-ji 's good strategy. His body reflects the transition from Confucianism in Han Dynasty to metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties, and he himself became a pioneer of famous scholars in Wei and Jin dynasties. The problems of feudalism, mine fields and corporal punishment put forward by Zhong Changtong are precisely three important issues that the landlords in China's long feudal society have to raise when they talk about the issue of social reform. Therefore, it is necessary to study the thought of Zhong Changtong.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K234.2
本文编号：2427090
[Abstract]:Zhong Changtong (180-220) was a materialist philosopher, progressive thinker and writer in the late Han Dynasty and the last representative of social critical thoughts in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was an unusually chaotic time, various social contradictions intensified, the state machine could not function normally. At that time, foreign eunuchs one after another, intellectuals blocked career, Zhong Changtong had to retreat and write books. The book "more than 100,000 words" written by Zhong Changtong has so far contained only three articles, namely, "chaos of reason", "profit and loss", and "the Commandments of the Law". The total amount is less than 20,000 words, which is one tenth or two of the original book. And distributed in different books and articles. "Changyan" accusations against the malpractice, from the political, economic, philosophical and other aspects of the late Eastern Han Dynasty social diseases were deeply analyzed. The main topic of this paper is to analyze the background and main contents of Zhong Changtong's thought by using the related words compiled in his political thesis "Changyan" as a research carrier, at the same time, combining it with the East Han Dynasty's Wang Fu, Wang Chong. Xunyue and others compare their ideas at different levels in order to make an objective and comprehensive evaluation of Zhong Changtong's thoughts. The Chinese academic circles pay close attention to Zhong Changtong's thoughts throughout the history of Qin and Han dynasties, including politics, economy, philosophy, legal history and so on. Among them, the study of Changyan is more prominent. On the basis of summing up the previous studies, the author studied Zhong Changtong's thought by consulting a lot of literature. The article is mainly from four aspects: first, it discusses the characteristics and life of Zhongchang's life, and paves the way for discussing Zhongchang's thoughts in the special historical period at that time. The thought of Zhong Changtong is just the product of the background of the times in which he lives. Under this background, it is helpful for us to make an objective analysis and evaluation of the thought of Zhong Changtong. At the second level, the author first analyzes Zhongchang humanism's theory of historical governance and political criticism concerned with reality. It also shows Zhongchang's thought of economic reform from the four aspects of the agricultural thought of "restricting the husband to break the farmland and simultaneously", the tax and tax one, the old, the high salary and the clean government, and the agricultural thought of "going to the end with one industry". Zhongchang's idea of ruling the country with mercy and fierce punishment as the third level, and then Zhongchang's argument on the relationship between heaven and man, the debate of name and reality, and the thought of dealing with the world and preserving one's health. This shows the thought of Zhong Changtong from different aspects. The historical position of Zhong Changtong is not to be ignored. He dared to put forward the view that "personnel is the basis, Heaven is the last" in the era of "the theory of" Heaven and Man's Induction "occupies the ruling position of the authentic sect." It shows the materialistic tendency and historical progress of his philosophical thought. He made a more incisive analysis of the trend of historical change, elaborated that the social disorder is following a historical process from prosperity to decline, and his thoughts of morality and punishment are the product of the ideological trend of name and law at that time. At the same time, Zhong Changtong's thoughts are contradictory, and his outlook on life is even more confused. He not only transcends the world from vulgarity, send feelings of the spirit of the pursuit of mountains and rivers, but also for the economic breakdown, endless war, people displaced from the tragic world and sigh with emotion; He not only laments that the society is in danger and cannot be cured, but also does not give up the pursuit of Kuang Shi-ji 's good strategy. His body reflects the transition from Confucianism in Han Dynasty to metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties, and he himself became a pioneer of famous scholars in Wei and Jin dynasties. The problems of feudalism, mine fields and corporal punishment put forward by Zhong Changtong are precisely three important issues that the landlords in China's long feudal society have to raise when they talk about the issue of social reform. Therefore, it is necessary to study the thought of Zhong Changtong.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K234.2
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 赵长欣;仲长统思想研究[D];兰州大学;2012年
2 宋文婕;杂家内涵研究[D];西南大学;2012年
3 孙诗苑;谶纬与汉乐府[D];东北师范大学;2012年
，本文编号：2427090
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