作为一种政治思想的“形名”论、“正名”论、“名实”论

发布时间：2018-01-19 05:08

  本文关键词： 形名 正名 名实 政治思想　出处：《社会科学》2015年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：先秦秦汉时期与"名"相关的话题,最为多见的是"形名"、"正名"、"名实",围绕着这三个话题,均有非常丰富的政治思想。"形名"论可能最早出现于阴阳数术类文献中,对于"形名"的态度,道家奇妙地呈现出两个极端,一方面是对形名的轻视与否定,另一方面又是重视与肯定。老庄道家通过强调"形名"的局限性来反衬"道"的无限性。黄老道家强调"形名"作为规则、规范在秩序形成过程中的作用。法家、政论型名家和黄老道家的立场是一样的。"正名"论可以从三个角度去分析:第一,和语言能否正确使用的问题有关;第二,和身份、职责的确定与管理有关;第三,"正名"有时直接等同于法律法令。同"正名论"一样,"名实论"从语言控制和角色定位两个层面发挥出政治作用。语言控制表现为"名定而实辩"的语言使用理论。角色定位表现为"循名责实"的政治操作手段。
[Abstract]:In the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties, the topics related to "name" are most commonly seen in "form and name", "correct name" and "name and reality", which revolve around these three topics. Both have very rich political thoughts. The theory of "form and name" may have first appeared in the literature of "Yin and Yang numbers". For the attitude of "form and name", Taoists have two extremes, on the one hand, they despise and negate the form and name. On the other hand, the Taoists emphasize the limitation of "form and name" to contrast the infinity of "Tao". Huang Lao Taoism emphasizes "form and name" as the rule. The role of norms in the formation of order. The position of Legalists, political theorists and Huanglao Taoists is the same. The theory of "correct name" can be analyzed from three angles: first, it is related to whether language can be used correctly; Second, it is related to identity and responsibility determination and management; Third, "correcting names" is sometimes directly equivalent to laws and decrees. "nominalism" plays a political role from two aspects: language control and role orientation. Language control is shown as the language usage theory of "nominalization but real argument", and role orientation is political operation means of "following name and responsibility and reality".
【作者单位】： 中国人民大学;
【分类号】：D092
【正文快照】： 中国古代关于“名”的讨论,从现代学科分类体系来看,显然既有语言学、逻辑学、知识论的维度,也有政治学、伦理学的维度。这个问题,笔者曾经作过详尽考察1。其实很早就有学者意识到这一点,例如,温公颐先生认为先秦逻辑主要有两派:一是辩者派,“从邓析开始,奠基于墨翟,中经惠施，

本文编号：1442754