“替代性选择”和“比较优势”——“苏联模式”为何丧失历史合法性

发布时间：2018-01-29 10:17

本文关键词： 替代性选择比较优势苏联模式历史合法性　出处：《探索与争鸣》2013年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：分析苏联解体的原因需要回顾苏联模式发生、发展及其衰落的全过程。苏联模式的发生有其顺应客观历史需求的"历史合法性",因此曾获得社会下层民众和被压迫民族的认同。但是,在俄国历史条件下,马克思理论中作为"替代性选择"的后资本主义的社会主义转化为实践中的国家主义的苏联(斯大林)模式社会主义。"强大国家"与"落后社会"并存的苏联模式反映出理论与实践的反差,也蕴含着"合法性危机"。当苏联模式在与外部世界的竞争中丧失"比较优势"时,合法性危机的爆发将其推向衰落的进程。苏联解体是苏联模式改革进程中多种因素"合力"的结果,苏联模式的终结同样顺应了客观历史的要求。中国特色社会主义是在扬弃苏联模式的前提下成立的。没有对苏联模式的批判,改革无从谈起,中国道路也无从开拓。正是在这个意义上,对苏联(斯大林)模式的态度也是检验改革立场的试金石。
[Abstract]:To analyze the causes of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, it is necessary to review the whole process of the occurrence, development and decline of the Soviet model. The occurrence of the Soviet model has its "historical legitimacy" in keeping with the objective historical demand. Therefore, it has been recognized by the lower class and oppressed nations. However, in the historical conditions of Russia. In Marx's theory, the post-capitalist socialism as the "alternative choice" was transformed into the practical nationalistic Soviet Union (Stalin). Model Socialism. The Soviet model of "strong country" and "backward society" reflects the contrast between theory and practice. There is also a crisis of legitimacy. When the Soviet model loses its "comparative advantage" in its competition with the outside world. The breakout of the Soviet Union is the result of the combination of many factors in the process of the reform of the Soviet model. The end of the Soviet model also complied with the requirements of the objective history. Socialism with Chinese characteristics was established under the premise of sublation of the Soviet model. Without criticism of the Soviet model, the reform could not be discussed. It is in this sense that attitudes toward the Soviet model are the touchstone for testing the reform stance.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学冷战与当代世界研究所;华东师范大学历史系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“俄国通史(六卷本)”(11&ZD134)
【分类号】：K512.5;D034
【正文快照】： 当前,苏联解体的原因成为苏联史研究中的争论焦点。对立的观点并非源自不同的史料依据,而是出于对同一历史过程的立场相反的诠释。其中,最具本体论意义的是关于苏联模式历史地位的认识。有些肯定者将其奉为“历史必然性”的产物,因此它的失败是被“错误路线”和“叛徒”出卖的

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