政治关系、进入壁垒与中小企业绩效

发布时间：2018-02-14 17:09

本文关键词： 中小企业绩效政治关系进入壁垒　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国,国有大型企业一直是垄断的主宰,其所涉及的相关行业具有很高的进入壁垒,其他企业试图进入的难度很大。近年来,随着国家经济的市场化改革,越来越多的非国有中小企业逐渐进入国有垄断行业中。但由于我国市场机制的不完善、法律制度构建的不健全,中小企业自身实力的弱小,以及政府对于国有企业的“保护”等主客观因素的交织影响,中小企业还难以与国有大型企业在完全公平的市场环境中竞争。因此,中小企业试图建立政治关系,来帮助其更好的进入垄断行业,从而获取超额利润。目前学术界对于政治关系的研究结果主要分为两类:一类是政治关系对企业绩效有明显的促进效应。政治关系不仅仅是一项社会资本,更是一种企业具有良好发展的信号传递,对于企业绩效的提升是有效率的。另一类结论则相反,认为政治关系的建立对于企业绩效的提升没有作用甚至是负效应。因为建立政治关系需要付出巨大的非生产性寻租成本,会对企业的生产产生一定的消极作用。因此,对于政治关系是否有利于企业绩效的提升,目前的研究结论并不能完全说明问题,也给后人留下了研究的空间。本文从行业进入壁垒这一产业组织理论的概念作为切入点,探究中小企业建立政治关系对其企业绩效的影响。文章首先通过文献综述回顾了国内学者对于中小企业研究的基本情况、进一步对政治关系的定义进行了界定、归纳了政治关系对企业绩效影响的研究现状。其次,文章从政府干预理论、资源依赖理论和寻租理论的基本理论出发,结合前人的研究成果,提出了本文的四个假设。最后,以512家上市中小企业为样本,建立政治关系、进入壁垒与中小企业回归模型运行出实证研究的结果,最终得出文章的结论。本文的研究结论如下:1.在分别控制企业基本面控制变量和公司治理控制变量之后,若存在政治关系,企业进入高壁垒行业机会越大。2.在分别控制企业基本面控制变量和公司治理控制变量之后,当政治关系强度越大,对促进企业进入高壁垒行业的影响越显著。3.通过建立企业绩效与是否进入高壁垒行业的多元回归模型发现,企业进入高壁垒行业对提升企业绩效均有显著的正影响。4.进一步研究了中小企业进入高壁垒行业的程度对企业绩效影响发现,企业进入高壁垒行业的程度越大,对企业绩效的提升越明显。基于上述结论,本文认为,对于中小企业而言,政治关系对于提升企业绩效有显著的正影响。
[Abstract]:In China, large state-owned enterprises have always been the masters of monopolies. The related industries involved have high barriers to entry, and other enterprises have great difficulty in trying to enter. In recent years, with the market-oriented reform of the national economy, More and more non-state-owned SMEs are gradually entering the state-owned monopoly industry. However, due to the imperfect market mechanism, the imperfect legal system and the weak strength of the small and medium-sized enterprises, As well as the combination of subjective and objective factors such as the government's "protection" of state-owned enterprises, it is still difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to compete with large state-owned enterprises in a completely fair market environment. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises try to establish political relations. To help them better enter the monopoly industry, At present, there are two kinds of research results about political relationship in academic circles: one is that political relationship has obvious promoting effect on enterprise performance. Political relationship is not only a social capital, but also a social capital. It is also a kind of signal transmission with good development, which is efficient for the improvement of enterprise performance. The other kind of conclusion is the opposite. It is considered that the establishment of political relationship has no effect or even negative effect on the improvement of enterprise performance, because the establishment of political relationship requires a huge non-productive rent-seeking cost, which will have a certain negative effect on the enterprise's production. As to whether the political relationship is conducive to the improvement of enterprise performance, the current research conclusions can not fully explain the problem, and also leave room for future generations to study. This paper starts from the concept of industry entry barrier, the theory of industrial organization, as a starting point. First, this paper reviews the basic situation of domestic scholars' research on SMEs, and defines the definition of political relationship. Secondly, from the basic theories of government intervention theory, resource dependence theory and rent-seeking theory, combined with the previous research results, this paper puts forward four hypotheses. Taking 512 listed small and medium-sized enterprises as a sample, establishing the political relationship, the entry barriers and the regression model of small and medium-sized enterprises run the results of empirical research. Finally, the conclusion of this paper is as follows: 1. After controlling the fundamental control variables and the corporate governance control variables, if there is a political relationship, After controlling the fundamental control variables and the corporate governance control variables, the stronger the political relationship is, The more significant impact on the promotion of enterprises to enter high-barrier industries .3. through the establishment of enterprise performance and whether to enter the high-barrier industry multiple regression model found, The degree of small and medium-sized enterprises entering into high barrier industry has a significant positive impact on the performance of enterprises. The greater the degree of entry into high barrier industry, the greater the degree of enterprise entering into high barrier industry. Based on the above conclusions, this paper argues that for SMEs, the political relationship has a significant positive impact on the improvement of firm performance.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D0;F271;F272.5

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