基于民族主义视阈的车臣问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 16:40

本文关键词： 民族主义新俄罗斯主义车臣问题民族关系　出处：《中央民族大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民族主义是人类社会进入近代以来基于对国家和民族关系的重新认识并伴随着民族国家的建立而产生的一种社会思潮和意识形态,它从诞生之日起就对不同国家和民族之间的关系调整和重构产生了深刻的影响。探讨民族主义的起源、内涵和影响,总结民族主义的运行规律,使其成为促进世界和平与发展的动力,遏制其负面影响及其走势,在今天便显得尤为重要。要透彻地认识民族主义,就必须梳理民族主义的理论源流,历史地分析民族主义的缘起和界定范畴,明确民族主义的基本理论观点,系统阐述民族主义的各个发展阶段及其特征、性质和历史地位。进而在全球化的背景下,还要研究民族主义在新时代的特质与其跟全球化的和内在关系,多角度阐释民族主义的内容、民族主义在冷战后的主要表现,从而总结出民族主义的诸多新特征,这些特征主要包括其趋向的全球化和普遍化、性质的多元化和复杂化、内容的非纯粹化和全面性、发展势头的多向性等。这些特征的出现,一定程度上改变了民族和国家的之间的关系,这有利于缓解民族矛盾,调整国际政治经济秩序,此外,也推动了世界多元化国际格局的形成,但民族主义也在一定程度上造成了地区的动荡,影响了经济的发展和社会的稳定。这种由民族主义产生的动荡最典型的个案就是俄罗斯的车臣问题。车臣问题由来已久,经过综合分析,笔者认为,引起车臣民族问题的内外部原因,包括民族征服的历史积怨、经济发展滞后导致社会问题滋生、前苏联民族政策失误、极端宗教势力的肆虐、国外西方势力的推波助澜等。但随着新俄罗斯主义的崛起,车臣问题的主体环境产生的了很大的变化,民族主义在车臣问题中的敏感性日益增强,要真正认识和解决车臣问题,就必须从新俄罗斯主义和车臣民族分裂主义的两种民族主义博弈中寻求答案。新俄罗斯主义是俄罗斯民族主义在新的时代背景下的产物,它诞生于俄罗斯进行社会,政治,经济制度的转轨过程中,并且始终伴随着来自西方世界的强大压力。在面临民族和社会重新整合和定位的历程中,新俄罗斯民族主义开始探讨如何应对西方文明、如何调解民族关系、如何维护国家利益、如何探索国家命运等问题。在所有这些问题中摆在最突出位置的就是车臣问题,车臣问题是俄罗斯中央政府和车臣地方势力在民族问题上的激烈交锋,并最终演变成两次惨烈的车臣战争。通过两次战争,俄罗斯中央政府维护了国家领土完整和主权统一,打击了三股势力的合流,车臣地区已显露出和平的曙光。但由于复杂的历史根源、社会根源和国际背景,车臣问题短期内恐怕还难以破解,为此,俄罗斯政府针对该问题实施了民族“自治”,方案,为解决错综复杂的车臣民族主义问题提供了一种思路。面对车臣民族问题,整个世界,无论是目前处于人类发展领跑者的发达国家,还是在现代化道路上努力追赶的发展中国家,都有必要反思和借鉴。我国是一个统一多民族的国家,中国共产党和政府一直都高度重视民族关系和民族问题的处理,透过车臣问题及俄罗斯中央政府解决该问题所采取的一系列方法和措施,我们可以看到处理民族问题的复杂性和长期性,结合我国的实际国情和民族关系状况,有针对性地学习和借鉴这些经验,对搞好我国的社会主义民族关系是大有裨益的。
[Abstract]:Nationalism is since the beginning of the modern human society based on national and ethnic relations and a new understanding of social thought and ideology with the establishment of the nation and produce, it is from the date of birth on the relationship between the adjustment and reconstruction between different countries and nations have had a profound impact. The origin of nationalism. The meaning and impact of running regularity of nationalism, make it become the motive force to promote world peace and development, to curb its negative influence and its trend, is particularly important in today.
To get a thorough understanding of nationalism, it must be the theoretical origin of combing nationalism, a historical analysis of the origin and definition of the category of nationalism, clear nationalism theory, the different stages of the development and characteristics of system on nationalism, nature and historical status. Then under the background of globalization, but also the study of nationalism in the new the characteristic of the ages with globalization and internal relations, multi perspective of nationalism, Chinese nationalism in the main performance after the cold war, which summed up many new characteristics of nationalism, these features mainly include the trend of globalization and the universal nature, diversified and complicated, non pure and comprehensive content the development momentum of the multi-directional. The appearance of these characteristics, to a certain extent, changed the relationship between the nation and the country, which is beneficial to alleviate the ethnic conflicts and adjustment The international political and economic order, in addition, also promoted the formation of world diversification of international pattern, but nationalism has to a certain extent, resulting in turbulence, the impact of the economic development and social stability. The most typical case which produced by nationalist unrest is Russia in Chechnya.
Chechnya is a long-standing problem, through comprehensive analysis, the author thinks that, due to internal and external reasons of the Chechen national issues, including the historical grievances ethnic conquest, backward economic development and cause social problems of breeding, the former Soviet Union national policy mistakes, raging extremist religious forces, Western forces fueling. But with the rise of new Russian nationalism, Chechnya the main environment produced very big change, the sensitivity of nationalism in the Chechen problem increasingly, to truly understand and solve the Chechen problem, we must find the answer from the two game of new Russian nationalism nationalism and ethnic separatism in Chechnya. Russian nationalism is a product of Russian nationalism in the new era it was born, for social, political transition in Russia, economic system, and is always accompanied by the strong from the western world High pressure. In the face of national and social re integration and localization in the course of the new Russian nationalism began to explore how to deal with the Western civilization, how to reconcile ethnic relations, how to safeguard the interests of the state, how to explore the problem of the fate of the country. In all of these problems placed in the most prominent position is Chechnya, Chechen problem is fierce battle Russia's central government and local forces in Chechnya on ethnic issues, and eventually evolved into the two tragic war in Chechnya. By the two war, the Russian central government maintained the unity of national sovereignty and territorial integrity, against the confluence of three forces, Chechnya has revealed the dawn of peace. But because of the complex historical roots, social and international background, the Chechen problem in the short term I am afraid it is difficult to solve, therefore, the Russian government to solve the problem of national implementation of the "autonomy" program, for It provides a way to solve the complicated Chechnya nationalism. Facing Chechnya's ethnic problems, it is necessary for the whole world, whether in the developed countries that are currently in the leading position of human development or in developing countries to catch up with them in the modernization drive, it is necessary to reflect and borrow.
China is a unified multi-ethnic country, Chinese Communist Party and the government has always attached great importance to ethnic relations and ethnic issues, a series of methods and measures of Chechnya and Russia through the central government to solve the problem in the processing, we can see the national problem of the complexity and long-term, combined with China's actual the situation and the situation of national relations, to learn from these experiences, the socialist ethnic relations in our country is to be of great advantage.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091.5;D815.5

【参考文献】