马克思主义哲学视域下罗尔斯政治正义思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 19:29

本文关键词： 政治正义原初状态无知之幕两个正义原则重叠共识　出处：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：正义作为社会制度的首要价值，对于一个社会来说是至关重要的。当前，我国处于社会转型期，面临着诸多公平正义问题，例如：社会地位的不平等，竞争机会的不平等和贫富差距拉大等问题，这些问题都需要树立一种合理的正义观以待解决。马克思主义理论作为中国的指导思想，其正义理论中的“按劳分配”原则已经不满足社会主义市场经济条件下的要求，需要其它思想丰富和发展马克思正义理论。罗尔斯的正义理论正好符合这种要求，我们期待通过研究罗尔斯正义理论，对马克思正义理论起到借鉴作用，启发我们深入挖掘马克思正义理论。本文以罗尔斯后期政治正义为立足点，以政治正义的政治建构为主线而展开。政治正义是罗尔斯后期著作《政治自由主义》的核心，《政治自由主义》是在前期著作《正义论》基础上的深入研究和建构，是在《正义论》之后的二十多年里对正义理论的修缮。在《正义论》中强调正义的道德观念所整合的社会，将是一个秩序良好的社会，而在《政治自由主义》中，秩序良好的社会是以正义的政治观念所整合的，这种政治的正义观念是现实多元论下各种完备性学说重叠共识的焦点。“作为公平的正义”这个理念始终贯穿于这两本著作中，它在政治的正义观念中并没有失去其前期的意义。我们以马克思历史唯物主义视角，分析罗尔斯政治正义建构的逻辑环节：原初状态——正义原则——重叠共识。采用理论联系实际和从抽象到具体的研究方法，指出罗尔斯政治正义理论建构的非历史性和非现实性。同时，肯定其正义理论的合理部分，以此用来丰富马克思主义正义理论。其政治正义理论的核心理念重叠共识，对现今全球化形势下的多元主义冲突的各方达成和解找到了理论和现实途径，，具有重大的作用和意义。
[Abstract]:As the primary value of social system, justice is of great importance to a society. At present, our country is in the period of social transformation and is facing many problems of fairness and justice, such as the inequality of social status. The inequality of competitive opportunities and the widening gap between the rich and the poor need to establish a reasonable view of justice to be solved. The principle of "distribution according to work" in his theory of justice has not met the requirements of the socialist market economy, and other ideas are needed to enrich and develop Marxist theory of justice. We hope that by studying Rawls' justice theory, we can draw lessons from Marx's justice theory and enlighten us to dig into Marx's justice theory. This paper takes the later political justice of Rawls as its foothold. Political justice is the core of Rawls' later works "political liberalism", and "political liberalism" is a thorough study and construction on the basis of his earlier work "the theory of justice". In the more than 20 years after the theory of justice, the society that emphasizes the moral concept of justice will be a society in good order, and in political liberalism, A well-ordered society is integrated with the political concept of justice, which is the focus of the overlapping consensus of various theories of completeness under realistic pluralism. It does not lose its early significance in the concept of political justice. We take the perspective of Marx's historical materialism. This paper analyzes the logical link of Rawls' political justice construction: the original state-justice principle-overlapping consensus. It adopts the research method from theory to practice and from abstract to concrete. The author points out that Rawls' theory of political justice is not historical and realistic. At the same time, it affirms the reasonable part of his theory of justice, which is used to enrich Marxist theory of justice. The reconciliation between the parties in the pluralistic conflict under the current globalization situation has found a theoretical and practical approach, which has a great role and significance.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B712.79;D091

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