宋教仁与清末民初政治权力配置模式的转型

发布时间：2018-03-02 22:34

本文选题：宋教仁　切入点：权力配置　出处：《吉林大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 政治权力的产生,标志着人类从非政治社会进入政治社会,人类所有的政治活动和政治行为都围绕着政治权力展开。这就需要解决三个基本问题,即政治权力的归属、政治权力的配置和政治权力的运行。对于第一个问题,在人类社会进入21世纪的今天,主权在民的观念已经深入人心,至少公开宣称反民主的国家和政党已经不存在了。那么,如何建构合理的政治权力配置模式,以尽量减少政治权力运行过程中的负面影响,就成了我们尚未完成的课题。中国几千年来的政治权力配置模式是封建君主的专制独裁权力配置模式,这种政治权力的配置模式,是以皇帝为核心的。而自鸦片战争以来,所谓面临三千年未有之变局,这种的传统的政治权力配置模式所支撑的立国之道,显然已不足以应付新的世界形势的挑战,于是,政治权力配置模式的转型以实现中国政治的现代化迫在眉睫。近代中国的仁人志士们从西方找到了政治权力配置模式转型的目标,那就是民主宪政,用宪法来配置政治权力。中国用宪法来配置政治权力的第一步是在迫于无奈的背景下迈出的,为了清王朝的苟延残喘,风雨飘摇中的清政府进行了为期10年的政治改革,试图重新分配政治权力。然随着清朝政府在革命大炮中的土崩瓦解,近代中国进行政治权力配置模式转型的第一次尝试彻底失败。在辛亥革命中匆忙诞生的南京临时政府,对于如何选择和建构自己的政治权力配置模式,亦有一个认识和争论的过程。在这个过程中,有一个人的声音渐渐清晰,那就是宋教仁。被誉为“未来的民主共和国的叔孙通”和“中国的杰斐逊”的宋教仁,是中国伟大的民主革命先行者、中华民国的缔造者,是中华民国初期第一位倡导内阁制的政治家,对当时中国的政治权力配置模式的建构有着自己清晰的认识,并在其中发挥了重大作用。论文试图从思想史的角度解读宋教仁的政治思想,注意把握其政治思想的渊源流变及内在逻辑,并强调从制度设计的角度剖析宋教仁关于民初政治权力配置模式的设计及其实现路径。
[Abstract]:The emergence of political power marks the transition of human beings from non-political society to political society, and all political activities and behaviors of human beings are carried out around political power, which requires the solution of three basic problems, namely, the attribution of political power. The allocation of political power and the operation of political power. For the first question, in the present day of human society entering 21th century, the concept of sovereignty in the people has been deeply rooted in the people's mind, at least the openly declared anti-democratic countries and political parties no longer exist. Well, How to construct a reasonable model of political power allocation to minimize the negative influence in the process of political power operation has become a problem that we have not yet completed. The pattern of political power allocation in China for thousands of years is the autocratic and dictatorial power allocation model of feudal monarchs, which is based on the emperor. And since the Opium War, the so-called "three thousand years" have not been changed. This traditional model of political power allocation is clearly not enough to meet the challenges of the new world situation. In order to realize the modernization of Chinese politics, the transformation of political power allocation mode is imminent. The people with lofty ideals in modern China have found the goal of the transformation of political power allocation mode from the West, that is, democratic constitutionalism. The first step for China to use the constitution to allocate political power was taken under the background of helplessness. For the survival of the Qing Dynasty, the shaky Qing government carried out a 10-year political reform. However, with the collapse of the Qing government in the revolutionary cannon, the first attempt to transform the mode of political power allocation in modern China completely failed. The Nanjing Provisional Government, which was hastily born in the Revolution of 1911, also had a process of understanding and arguing about how to choose and construct its own political power allocation model. In this process, one person's voice gradually became clear. That is Song Jiaoren, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution and the founder of the Republic of China, known as "the future democratic republic's Schos-Sun Tong" and "China's Jefferson". He was the first politician to advocate the cabinet system in the early period of the Republic of China. He had a clear understanding of the construction of the political power allocation model in China at that time. The thesis tries to interpret Song Jiaoren's political thought from the perspective of the history of thought, and to grasp the origin and internal logic of his political thought. From the point of view of system design, this paper analyzes Song Jiaoren's design and realization path of political power allocation mode in the early Republic of China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D092;K258

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