拉克劳与墨菲的文化霸权思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 08:26

本文选题：后马克思主义　切入点：拉克劳　出处：《西北师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自从二十世纪七十年代中叶，伴随着左派政治的挫落、右翼势力在西方国家的复兴、保守政策的回归，结构主义的马克思主义的衰退，在这种大背景中，正是对科学社会主义普遍怀疑的强化引发一些左翼理论家对经典马克思主义原则的直接批判。这一时期，西方后结构主义与后现代主义解构着马克思主义总体解放承诺的宏大叙事前设。拉克劳、墨菲作为后马克思主义的旗手，他们发表于1985年的《霸权与社会主义的策略》(Hegemony and Socialist Politics）是后马克思主义理论的里程碑。这部著作着重阐述了“霸权”这一核心概念以及重新建构的“新霸权”理论框架，指出当代左派理论的危机及其根源，认为应对马克思主义本质主义、经济还原论等一系列基本原理进行重新考虑，放弃阶级斗争及其主体性应用的原则，，利用新社会运动的力量，实现激进的民主和多元民主的政治链接。拉克劳和墨菲认为自己与对待马克思主义的传统方法是完全不同的，他们要复活使马克思主义范畴的话语运作得以可能的前提条件，目的是使马克思主义的理论化领域更加多样化，更合时宜而不是马克思列宁主义描述的那种马克思主义的历史所具有的“整体化怪癖”。由于经典马克思主义预设了“普遍”主体的存在，并把社会观念化为“理性的透明秩序”（rational，transparent order），它不可能充分把握这些运动之间复杂的差异协商（negotiations of difference）。他们认为，“政治不是上层建筑”，而主张它具有社会本体论的地位。因为现实的对立和辩证的矛盾都不能解释“社会对抗”的特定关系，对抗不是客观关系，而是在其中显示了所有客观性限度的关系。社会围绕着它的限度构成，而这些限度才是对抗性的。对抗性这个概念必须不加夸张地被理解。通过一个团结起来的普遍阶级主体来完成彻底而全面的人类解放已不是可预期的社会变革模式；通过对马克思主义内部的一些概念的激进化再阐释、对某些后现代理论的改造或转换性运用，在话语建构的框架内竭力把多元性身份认同与激进民主的政治接合作为一种超越马克思主义总体化及本质主义宰制的新解放模型确立起来。拉克劳、莫菲的后马克思主义霸权理论是结构主义与建构主义的有机结合，是差异政治与认同政治的相容性桥建的理论尝试。他们依然信奉自由民主、群众性政治斗争、自主与多元解放等现代政治的价值取向。本文依据拉克劳、莫菲的主要文本《霸权与社会主义策略》，深入剖析了拉克劳、墨菲的后马克思主义的话语理论，并详细阐明他们的后马克思主义文化霸权接合的理论内涵与建构意义。在我国意识形态的框架中对后马克思主义做出有益的理论借鉴和哲学实践。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of 1970s, with the collapse of left politics, the revival of right-wing forces in Western countries, the return of conservative policies and the decline of structuralist Marxism, It was the intensification of the general suspicion of scientific socialism that led some left-wing theorists to directly criticize the principles of classical Marxism. Western post-structuralism and post-modernism deconstructed the grand narrative of Marxism's general liberation promise. LaCrowe, Murphy, as the standard-bearer of post-Marxism, Hegemony and Socialist Politics, published in 1985, is a milestone in post-Marxist theory. This work focuses on the core concept of "hegemony" and the theoretical framework of "new hegemony" re-constructed. This paper points out the crisis and its origin of the contemporary left-wing theory, and holds that a series of basic principles, such as Marxist essentialism and economic reductionism, should be reconsidered, and the principle of class struggle and its application of subjectivity should be abandoned. Using the power of the new social movement to bring about a political link between radical democracy and pluralistic democracy. Laclau and Murphy thought they were completely different from the traditional way of treating Marxism. They want to revive the preconditions that make possible the operation of discourse in the category of Marxism, with the aim of diversifying the theoretical field of Marxism, It is more timely than the Marxist history described by Marxism-Leninism, which has a "monolithic eccentricity." because classical Marxism presupposes the existence of "universal" subjects, It is impossible to fully grasp the complex differences between these movements and negotiate negotiations of differences. They believe that "politics is not a superstructure", and that it has the status of social ontology. Because neither the reality nor the dialectical contradiction can explain the specific relationship of "social confrontation", Confrontation is not an objective relationship, but one in which all the limits of objectivity are shown. Society revolves around its limits, which are antagonistic. The concept of confrontation must be understood without exaggeration. It is no longer a predictable model of social change to complete the complete and complete emancipation of mankind through a United universal class subject; through the radicalization of some concepts within Marxism, The transformation or transformative application of some post-modern theories, Within the framework of discourse construction, the political integration of pluralistic identity and radical democracy is established as a new emancipation model that transcends the collectivization of Marxism and dominates the system of essentialism. Murphy's post-Marxist hegemonic theory is an organic combination of structuralism and constructivism, and a theoretical attempt to build a compatible bridge between differential politics and identity politics. They still believe in liberal democracy and mass political struggle. The value orientation of modern politics, such as autonomy and pluralistic liberation. Based on Laclau and Murphy's main text hegemony and Socialist Strategy, this paper deeply analyzes the post-Marxist discourse theory of Laclau and Murphy. The theoretical connotation and constructive significance of their post-Marxist cultural hegemony are expounded in detail, and the useful theoretical reference and philosophical practice of post-Marxism are made in the framework of Chinese ideology.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D09

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