非鞅？尊鞅？——先秦到西汉时期政治思想史中的商鞅形象探究

发布时间：2018-03-26 01:42

本文选题：商鞅　切入点：《商君书》　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为先秦法家的代表人物之一的商鞅,是战国中期杰出的思想家、政治改革家、实践家和军事家。因其在秦国推行的成功政治改革,他成为中国历史上举足轻重的人物,被梁启超列为中国六大政治家之一。而论述其政治思想和军事思想的《商君书》也成为影响着中国千百年来政治发展的重要法学著作。对商鞅的政治思想的研究也同时成为各代学者研究的必须,继而形成了所谓的“商君学派”。历史上,对于商鞅以及《商君书》中所阐述的政治思想的评价是褒贬不一的,一方面,在中国两千多年的发展中,在儒、法、道、宗教等多种意识文化参杂融合的背景和各个时期出于不同政治目的的需要,无论社会或个人都难免产生强烈而不同的价值取向和感情色彩;另一方面,由于《商君书》中各篇的作者与出处在各个时期的研究中都有较大争论,可以说是一直悬而未决的“难题”。但是,要透彻了解商君及其政治思想,又不可绕过这些研究与评价。这也成为商鞅政治思想研究中必经的一个重要环节;第三,在历史发展中,随着不同的政治需求,商鞅的形象作为一种功能化的工具,一再的被人们提出,或讴歌、或诋毁,实际上无非都是出于“托古改制”或“鉴古辩今”的目的,最终为了实现和满足不同阶层的政治要求。本文正是以这一目标为出发点,以历史为线索,在简要分析商鞅政治思想的基础上,将先秦到西汉时期的部分主要著作作为研究材料,系统地梳理这些材料中包含着的对于商鞅思想甚至是对于法家的各种看法,阐述其中的政治文化、政治价值倾向、政治作用与商鞅思想的关系,以及这些与商鞅有关的政治价值倾向产生的主要原因,进而从商鞅形象的视角为商鞅的政治思想研究提供另一种认识和理解的维度。
[Abstract]:Shang Yang, one of the representative figures of the Legalists in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, was an outstanding thinker, political reformer, practitioner and strategist in the middle period of the warring States period. Because of his successful political reform in Qin, he became a pivotal figure in the history of China. Liang Qichao is listed as one of the six great politicians in China. The Book of Shang Jun, which discusses his political and military thoughts, has also become an important legal work that has influenced the political development of China for thousands of years. A study of Shang Yang's political thought. At the same time, it has become a must for all generations of scholars to study, Then formed the so-called "Shang Jun School". In history, there have been mixed reviews of the political ideas expressed by Shang Yang and the Book of the Lord of Shang. On the one hand, in the course of more than two thousand years of development in China, in Confucianism, law, and Taoism, The background of the mixed integration of various cultures, such as religion, and the need for different political purposes in various periods inevitably produce strong and different value orientations and emotional colors in both societies and individuals; on the other hand, Since the authors and provenances of the various articles in the Book of the Lord of Shang have been controversial in various periods of research, they can be said to be a "difficult problem" that has been unresolved all along. However, it is necessary to thoroughly understand Shang Jun and his political thoughts. It also becomes an important link in the study of Shang Yang's political thoughts. Third, in the historical development, with different political needs, Shang Yang's image is used as a functional tool. People have repeatedly proposed, or eulogized, or vilified, in fact, are all out of the "Togu reform" or "ancient debate", and ultimately to achieve and meet the political requirements of different strata. On the basis of brief analysis of Shang Yang's political thoughts, this paper takes this goal as the starting point, takes history as the clue, and takes some main works from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Western Han Dynasty as the research materials. Systematically combing all kinds of views about Shang Yang's thought and even legalism contained in these materials, expounding the relationship between political culture, political value tendency, political function and Shang Yang's thought. And the main causes of these political value tendencies related to Shang Yang, and then from the perspective of the image of commercial martingale to provide another dimension of understanding and understanding for Shang Yang's political thought research.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

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