科学社会主义与空想社会主义的比较分析

发布时间：2018-03-26 13:27

本文选题：科学社会主义　切入点：空想社会主义　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：追求社会的平等和一切人的发展是社会主义思想的理论宗旨，也是社会主义区别于其他阶级社会的根本特点。社会主义思想从产生到现在，经历了多个阶段，各个阶段之间存在着差异性，同时也拥有着社会主义本质的共同性。差异性要求在比较社会主义不同发展阶段时总结它们的区别，发现各个阶段之间的思想变化；而共同性则提醒我们把它们放在社会主义的整个范畴之下进行考察，了解它们之间思想的延续性和继承性。虽然近年来关于社会主义思想的理论研究较为丰富，以空想社会主义和科学社会主义的思想为主。但是，学者在分别对其进行研究或比较研究，往往只从“空想性”和“科学性“中进行说明，比较两者之间的差异，人为地割裂了它们之间的共同性。空想社会主义和科学社会主义思想都追求理想社会，在这方面表现出极大的理论分歧。以19世纪初的圣西门、傅立叶和欧文等空想社会主义为例和科学社会主义进行比较，首先在性质上，由“头脑中的理想图景”转变为“消灭现存状况的现实运动”；其次在实现途径上由“阶级调和到“阶级斗争”，而在解放主体上由“全体社会成员的解放”到“无产阶级的解放”；在谈到理想社会中私有制的废留问题上，也由大多数空想家遗留有私有制的残余甚至主张保留私有制到科学社会主义将废除私有制与实现共产主义社会看做一个问题的两个方面，，这种种的转变体现出社会主义发展的不同阶段上思想的异质性。这种异质性的表现与它们所坚持的哲学根据是紧密相关的，空想社会主义以唯心史观作为理论基础，而科学社会主义以唯物史观作为基础。当然，重要的是这种异质性中本身包含着内在的相似性甚至是一致性，即科学社会主义与空想社会主义的共同追求，即现实情怀、追求平等和重视人格完善。
[Abstract]:The pursuit of social equality and the development of all human beings are the theoretical purposes of socialist thought and the fundamental characteristics of socialism as distinct from other class societies. The socialist ideology has gone through many stages from its emergence to the present. There are differences among different stages, and also have the commonality of socialist essence. Difference requires that the differences between different stages of socialism be summarized and the ideological changes between different stages be found. Commonality reminds us to examine them under the whole category of socialism and to understand the continuity and inheritance of their ideas. Although in recent years there has been a great deal of theoretical research on socialist thought, mainly on the ideologies of utopian socialism and scientific socialism, scholars have studied and compared them respectively. It is often explained only in terms of "utopia" and "science", and the differences between the two are compared, and the commonality between them is artificially severed. Both utopian socialism and scientific socialism seek an ideal society. There are great theoretical differences in this respect. Taking the utopian socialism of the early 19th century, such as Saint-Simon, Fourier and Irving, as an example, and comparing it with scientific socialism, first of all, in nature, From "ideal vision in mind" to "realistic movement to eliminate the existing situation"; second, from "class harmony" to "class struggle" in the way of realization, and from "emancipation of all members of society" to "nothing" in liberating subject. "the emancipation of the class of property"; on the question of the abolition of private ownership in an ideal society, The remnants of private ownership left by most visionaries even advocate preserving private ownership to scientific socialism. The abolition of private ownership and the realization of a communist society are regarded as two aspects of the same problem. These changes reflect the heterogeneity of ideas in different stages of socialist development, which is closely related to the philosophical basis they adhere to. Utopian socialism takes the idealistic historical view as the theoretical basis. And scientific socialism is based on historical materialism. Of course, what is important is that the heterogeneity itself contains internal similarities and even consistency, that is, the common pursuit of scientific socialism and utopian socialism, that is, realistic feelings. The pursuit of equality and attention to personality improvement.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091.6

【参考文献】