从正当性观点看霍布斯的绝对主权论

发布时间：2018-03-30 14:51

本文选题：绝对主权　切入点：正当性　出处：《华东师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：说明人如何从自然状态进入人类社会,建立国家来确保人的生存与安全,是霍布斯的《利维坦》关注的重点所在。在《利维坦》一书中,霍布斯基于其机械唯物主义的立场,对人性进行分析,推理出了自然状态、自然法、社会契约、主权者的权利与职责、公民的义务与自由,由此构建出一个完整的理论体系,力图为其绝对主权学说提供一种理性辩护。本文以霍布斯《利维坦》一书中关于“绝对主权”的论证过程为立足点,通过勾勒古希腊至近代时期对正当性问题所作探讨,从近代理性辩护的立场来审视霍布斯对“绝对主权”正当性的论证。原因有二：首先,霍布斯作为西方学说发展史中的重镇,将国家视作为出自人手的机器,主张从国家内部探讨政治正当性问题,对近代政治哲学产生了重大影响；其次,针对霍布斯为绝对主权所做论证是否足以说明其绝对主权的正当性这一问题仍然是可怀疑的。全文共分为三章：本文第一章立足于《利维坦》一书,通过对相关文本的分析,力图清晰勾勒出霍布斯关于“绝对主权”的论证过程。本文第二章简要勾勒自古希腊至近代期间西方政治正当性问题研究脉络。本章旨在说明对政治正当性问题的探讨经由自然正当、自然法,直至近代已发展成为对国家政治统治的理性辩护,正当性成为了一个需要证成的概念。本文第三章旨在反思霍布斯的绝对主权论证。本章分为两部分：首先,从现代政治哲学发展的角度来看,霍布斯在《利维坦》中构建了一个完整、系统的理论框架来论证其绝对主权。他在历史上首次提出主权者来自于个人的同意和授权,为主权在民(个人)的现代民主思想奠定了基础,为探寻政治正当性提供了一种新思路。其次,霍布斯为绝对主权所做论证仍然是可怀疑的。其原因就在于霍布斯将人视作欲望与自我保存的主体,进而推理出作为联合意志代表的主权者必须是绝对的。其结果是对作为其来源的个人意志的强制,有可能带来个人意志的屈从。个人在摆脱了自然的暴力恐怖状态后,随即被抛入了一个人为的暴力恐怖状态。因此,在为绝对主权提供理性辩护的过程中,霍布斯难以自圆其说。
[Abstract]:It is the focus of Hobbes' Leviathan to explain how people enter human society from their natural state to establish a state to ensure their survival and security. In Leviathan, Hobbes is based on his position of mechanical materialism. By analyzing human nature, we infer the state of nature, natural law, social contract, the rights and duties of the sovereign, the duties and freedoms of the citizen, and thus construct a complete theoretical system. Try to provide a rational justification for his doctrine of absolute sovereignty. Based on the demonstration process of absolute sovereignty in Hobbes' Leviathan, this paper discusses the legitimacy of ancient Greece to modern times. To examine Hobbes' justification of "absolute sovereignty" from the standpoint of modern rational defense. There are two reasons. First, Hobbes, as an important place in the history of the development of Western doctrine, regards the state as a machine of human hands. It is doubtful whether Hobbes' argument for absolute sovereignty is sufficient to explain the legitimacy of absolute sovereignty. The full text is divided into three chapters:. The first chapter of this paper is based on Leviathan, through the analysis of relevant texts, trying to clearly outline Hobbes' argumentation process of "absolute sovereignty". The second chapter briefly outlines the research context of political legitimacy in the West from ancient Greece to modern times. This chapter aims to explain the discussion of political legitimacy through natural legitimacy and natural law. Until modern times, it has developed into a rational defense of national political rule, and legitimacy has become a concept in need of proof. The third chapter aims to reflect on Hobbes' absolute sovereignty argument. This chapter is divided into two parts: first, from the perspective of the development of modern political philosophy, Hobbes constructs a whole in Leviathan. He proposed for the first time in history that the sovereign came from the consent and authorization of the individual, which laid the foundation for the modern democratic thought of sovereignty in the people. This provides a new way of thinking about political legitimacy. Secondly, Hobbes' argument for absolute sovereignty is still doubtful. The reason is that Hobbes sees man as the subject of desire and self-preservation. And then infer that the sovereign, as the representative of the United will, must be absolute. The result is the compulsion of the individual will as its source, which may lead to the submission of the individual will. The individual, after being freed from the natural state of violence and terror, It was then thrown into a state of man-made violence and terror, so Hobbes could hardly justify himself in providing a rational defence of absolute sovereignty.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D091

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