新自由主义的勃兴及其影响

发布时间：2018-03-31 13:15

本文选题：新自由主义　切入点：国际垄断资本主义　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：从宏观上讲,自20世纪80年代以来资本主义发生了三件大事,国家垄断资本主义向国际垄断资本主义的过渡、经济全球化趋势的加剧和全球金融危机的爆发。这三件大事都是在新自由主义实现历史勃兴的背景下发生的,新自由主义成为这三件大事发生的内在促动因素。新自由主义的勃兴及西方发达国家的新自由主义改革,促动了国家垄断资本主义向国际垄断资本主义的过渡。新自由主义的核心主张是自由化、私有化和市场化,要求放松国家管制,减少国家干预经济生活。以新自由主义作为指导思想,美英等发达国家进行了新自由主义改革,并借助20世纪80年代的债务危机向发展中国家输出新自由主义,要求发展中国家开放国内市场,放松资本流动的限制,这为垄断资本的全球流动创造了制度环境。在新自由主义向全球蔓延的背景下,国际贸易、国际直接投资迅猛发展,巨型跨国公司成为世界经济活动的重要载体,金融垄断资本成为资本运动的主要形态。这些新变化表明,国家垄断资本主义已向国际垄断资本主义的过渡。西方主导的经济全球化的本质是资本的全球化,而资本全球化是由资本自由化所推动的。20世纪80年代以后,在西方掀起新一轮的资本自由化浪潮,这一轮资本自由化的浪潮是以新自由主义兴起为理论背景的,新自由主义所主张的反对国家干预、推行私有化、提倡经济自由的政策主张,有力促进了资本自由化浪潮的兴起。加之在美英等国推崇新自由主义的新保守主义政党的上台及其进行的自由化改革,为资本在全球自由流动创造了有利的制度环境。1990年的“华盛顿共识"出笼后,新自由主义又迅速向全球蔓延,资本全球自由流动的障碍已被全部扫清。资本全球化运动由此开始,一发不可收拾,从而使经济全球化趋势越演越烈。始于2007年的全球金融危机是资本主义在21世纪的重大事件之一。这次危机的爆发,是以资本主义基本矛盾进一步激化为核心的多种因素共同决定的结果。其中,新自由主义成为西方主流意识形态是重要因素之一。新自由主义的自由化、私有化和市场化的政策,为资本运动的扩张性发展提供了充分的条件和广阔的舞台,从而使资本追求剩余价值的欲望得到无限制、无约束的释放。其重要表现，就是虚拟资本爆炸性增长，虚拟经济日趋膨胀。虚拟经济过度膨胀颠覆了市场监管模式，隐藏着重大信用危机风险。当金融衍生品在金融创新的旗帜下泛滥无度，与经济本体发生重大偏离，并在有效的市场监管严重缺失的时候，风险就转化为危机。 20世纪80年代以来发达资本主义国家发生的三件大事相互间有着密切的关联，它们互为条件，相得益彰，共同展现了资本主义在近三十年的发展状况和未来走向。而连接这三件大事的内在红线正是新自由主义，换句话说，正是新自由主义的勃兴及其演变为美国等发达国家的国家意识形态，成为当代资本主义发生新变化、新发展的主要动因。然而，，新自由主义并没有解决资本主义的基本矛盾，更没有改变资本主义制度的实质，反而使资本主义面临种种危机，这也从另一个侧面证明了“两个必然”的科学性。
[Abstract]:From a macro perspective, since 1980s three things happened to capitalism, state monopoly capitalism transition to international monopoly capitalism, exacerbated the trend of economic globalization and the global financial crisis. The three event is to achieve prosperity in the historical background of Neo liberalism, Neo liberalism has become the intrinsic motivation these three events occur.
The rise of Neo liberalism and the new liberalism of western developed countries reform, promoting the transition from state monopoly capitalism to international monopoly capitalism. The core of new liberalism is liberalization, privatization and market demand, deregulation, reducing state intervention in economic life. The new liberalism as the guiding ideology. The United States and Britain and other developed countries of the Neo liberal reforms, and with the help of the debt crisis of 1980s output to developing new liberalism, require developing countries to open up the domestic market, the relaxation of capital flow restrictions, which create the institutional environment for the global flow of monopoly capital. International trade spread to the whole world in the new liberalism under the background of rapid development. International direct investment, large multinational corporations have become an important carrier of economic activity in the world, financial monopoly capital has become the main form of capital movement These new changes show the transition of state monopoly capitalism to international monopoly capitalism.
The Western dominated economic globalization is the globalization of capital, while the capital globalization is driven by capital liberalization in the.20 century after 80s, set off a new round of capital liberalization in the west, this round of capital liberalization tide is on the rise of new liberalism as the theoretical background, against the new free state intervention doctrine advocated, privatization, promote economic freedom policies, promote the rise of the tide of capital liberalization. And the liberalization reform stage and respected new liberalism in the United States and Britain's new conservative parties, for the free flow of capital across the world to create a favorable institutional environment in.1990 the "Washington consensus" after the introduction of new liberalism, and quickly spread to the whole world, barriers to the free flow of capital around the world have all been cleared. The globalization of capital movement began, not a hair It can be cleared up so that the trend of economic globalization is becoming stronger and stronger.
In 2007 the global financial crisis is one of the major events of capitalism in twenty-first Century. The outbreak of the crisis, is the basic contradiction of capitalism and further intensification of various factors as the core of the joint decision results. Among them, the new liberalism has become the mainstream Western ideology is one of the important factors. The new liberalism of liberalization, privatization and marketization. The policy provides a sufficient condition and a broad stage for the expansion of the development of the capital movement, so that the capital surplus value desire unlimited, unconstrained release. Its important manifestation, is the virtual capital explosive growth, the virtual economy has expanded gradually. Excessive expansion of the virtual economy to subvert the market supervision mode, hidden major credit crisis risk. When the financial derivatives in the financial innovation under the banner of excessive proliferation, significant deviation and economic body, and effective When market regulation is badly missing, the risk is transformed into a crisis.
Three things happened in developed capitalist countries since 1980s among are closely linked, they are interdependent, complement each other, to show the development of capitalism in the past thirty years and its future trend. While the inner red line connecting the three event is the new liberalism, in other words, it is the rise of new liberalism for the United States and other developed countries and the evolution of the national ideology, become the contemporary capitalist new changes. The main reasons for new development. However, the new liberalism does not solve the basic contradictions of capitalism, the essence of no change of the capitalist system, but capitalism faces all sorts of crisis, this also from another side that "science two necessities".

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D081

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