洛克的权力理论及背景中的解读

发布时间：2018-04-01 17:26

本文选题：洛克　切入点：背景　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 洛克的政治法律思想自诞生以来一直受到西方学者的广泛关注,他的权力理论对现代民主政治的产生、发展和实践都发挥了重要作用。我国自上世纪初开始接触到洛克的政治学说,对他权力理论的系统研究则在新中国成立以后才开始,特别是社会主义法治建设的近三十多年,对洛克权力理论的研究取得了很大成果。但是由于研究起步较晚,国内文献资料相对缺乏,较长时期过于强调阶级分析方法等因素,导致研究结论中还存在着许多对洛克权力理论的误解。本文主要采用历史的和比较的分析方法,参阅了国内外大量相关资料,从洛克权力理论的现实背景和理论背景出发,结合该理论在英国国内和国外的发展实践,对洛克的权力理论进行了全面系统的分析,以求对洛克的权力理论有更准确和深刻的认识。同时,在我国社会主义法治建设背景下对洛克的权力理论进行思考,希望其理论中蕴含的人民主权、法律至上、权力制约等观念能对我国法治建设事业的发展发挥积极的作用。本文共分为六个部分: 第一部分:洛克权力理论的英国社会背景,这一部分对洛克权力理论的英国社会背景进行了介绍。由于经济发展,导致17世纪英国社会各个领域都发生了巨大的变化,政治生活领域以及政治领域和宗教领域之间都产生了日趋复杂的矛盾冲突。第二部分:社会矛盾冲突的实质与解决模式的探索,这一部分对社会各领域矛盾冲突的实质进行了分析,对政治思想家们解决矛盾的方法进行了介绍。各种矛盾冲突的实质其实就是政治权力的斗争,斗争的焦点就是权力由谁拥有,如何防止权力被滥用。政治思想家们对于解决权力斗争局面的办法进行了思考,设计了不同的解决模式。第三部分:洛克权力理论的核心内容,这一部分是对洛克权力理论核心内容的介绍。主要包括国家权力的起源、权力的分立与统属和人民的反抗权。权力分立理论和人民反抗权理论都对后世的政治理论发展和政治实践产生了很大的影响。第四部分:洛克权力理论在其背景中的解读,本部分是文章的重点部分,着重分析了理解洛克权力理论的关键问题。包括洛克思考权力理论的出发点、权力分立的必要性、关于司法权的问题、人民权力与政府权力的关系和赋予人民反抗权的原因五项内容。第五部分:洛克权力理论的发展和实践,这部分内容主要介绍了洛克权力理论在英国国内的发展、实践和在其他国家,主要是在法国和美国的发展、实践。第六部分:洛克权力理论在我国当前法治建设背景中的意义,这一部分对洛克权力理论在我国当前社会主义法治建设背景中的意义进行了思考,主要分析了洛克权力理论中蕴含的人民主权、法律至上、权力制约思想对于我国建设社会主义法治国家的积极意义。
[Abstract]:Locke's political and legal thought has been widely concerned by western scholars since its birth, and his theory of power has brought about the emergence of modern democratic politics. Both development and practice have played an important role. Since the beginning of the last century, our country has been exposed to Locke's political theory, and the systematic study of his theory of power has only begun since the founding of New China, especially in the past 30 years of the construction of the socialist rule of law. Great achievements have been made in the study of Locke's power theory. However, due to the late start of the research, the relative lack of domestic literature and materials, the long period of time too much emphasis on class analysis methods and other factors. As a result, there are still many misunderstandings about Locke's power theory. This paper mainly uses historical and comparative analysis methods, referring to a large number of relevant data at home and abroad, starting from the realistic background and theoretical background of Locke's power theory. Combined with the development and practice of the theory in Britain and abroad, this paper makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of Locke's power theory in order to have a more accurate and profound understanding of Locke's power theory. Under the background of the construction of socialist rule of law in our country, the author thinks about Locke's power theory and hopes that the ideas of people's sovereignty, law supreme and power restriction contained in his theory can play an active role in the development of our country's legal construction. This paper is divided into six parts:. The first part: the British social background of Locke's power theory. This part introduces the British social background of Locke's power theory. As a result of economic development, great changes have taken place in all fields of British society in the 17th century. There are increasingly complicated conflicts in the political life field and between the political field and the religious field. The second part: the essence of the social contradictions and conflicts and the exploration of the solution model, this part analyzes the essence of the contradictions and conflicts in various fields of society. This paper introduces the methods used by political thinkers to solve contradictions. The essence of all kinds of contradictions and conflicts is actually the struggle of political power, the focus of which is who owns the power. How to prevent the abuse of power. Political thinkers think about how to solve the situation of power struggle and design different solutions. The third part: the core content of Locke's power theory, this part is the introduction of Locke's power theory, including the origin of state power, The theory of separation of power and the theory of people's right of revolt have exerted great influence on the development and practice of political theory in later generations. The fourth part: the interpretation of Locke's power theory in its background. This part is the key part of the article, which focuses on the analysis of the key issues of understanding Locke's power theory, including the starting point of Locke's thinking about power theory, the necessity of power separation, On the issue of judicial power, the relationship between people's power and government power and the reasons for giving people the right to resist. The fifth part: the development and practice of Locke's power theory, which mainly introduces the development of Locke's power theory in Britain, practice and development in other countries, mainly in France and the United States. The sixth part: the significance of Locke's power theory in the background of our country's current construction of the rule of law, this part thinks about the significance of Locke's power theory in the background of our country's current socialist construction of rule of law. This paper mainly analyzes the positive significance of Locke's power theory of people's sovereignty, the supremacy of law and the restriction of power to the construction of a socialist country ruled by law.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D091

【引证文献】