公意的正当性、折损及其民情基础的培育——《社会契约论》的社会理论意涵

发布时间：2018-04-06 07:01

本文选题：公意　切入点：正当性　出处：《社会学评论》2017年01期

【摘要】：《社会契约论》历来被视为政治学名著,卢梭在其中提出了"人生而自由,却无时不身带枷锁"的著名论断。借助社会契约论,他试图从政治上把每个人"天然的自由"转换成"约定的自由"。"约定的自由"之所以比"天然的自由"更可取,其优势在于公意,以及在公意基础上形成的政治体带来的好处。卢梭从理论上保证了公意的正当性,这种正当性就其本质而言是不会出错的。但是,随着公意在实践中的一步步固化,它的正当性几乎处处面临着折损的危险。为了防止公意损失其正当性,卢梭步步设防,殚精竭虑。最终他认识到,仅靠政治设计不足以保正公意的正当性,还得借助民情,于是他设计了一套与之相应的"公民宗教"。但这种公民宗教的政治痕迹过重,不免有些严苛。后来涂尔干等社会理论家进而在此基础上努力为法国社会的治理寻找新的民情基础。
[Abstract]:The Theory of Social contract has always been regarded as a political masterpiece, in which Rousseau put forward the famous conclusion that "Life is free, but it always carries its shackles."With the help of social contract, he tried to transform "natural freedom" into "freedom of agreement" politically.The advantage of freedom of agreement rather than freedom of nature lies in the benefits of public will and the political system formed on the basis of public will.Rousseau theoretically guaranteed the legitimacy of the general will, which, by its nature, could not be mistaken.However, as the general will solidifies step by step in practice, its legitimacy almost everywhere faces the risk of loss.In order to prevent the public loss of its legitimacy, Rousseau step by step defensive, in such a hard work.Eventually, he realized that political design alone was not enough to justify the will, and had to rely on public sentiment, so he designed a corresponding "civic religion."But the political vestiges of this civil religion are too heavy to avoid.Later, Durkheim and other social theorists went on to seek a new basis for the governance of French society.
【作者单位】：江苏省社会科学院社会政策研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“韦伯比较历史社会学的方法论基础研究”(16CSH005)
【分类号】：D091

【相似文献】