新公共服务：超越新公共管理的社会治理模式

发布时间：2018-04-09 16:53

本文选题：新公共管理　切入点：新公共服务　出处：《河南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 20世纪末叶,西方世界出现了一些改革传统行政管理思想的新理论、新流派,其中堪称典范、影响深远的是新公共管理理论与实践,它在理论上体现着公共行政学研究的新成果,在实践上指导着西方国家的公共部门改革,但是新公共管理在风靡欧美等西方国家之时也遭到了多方质疑,其中最具影响力的批判理论是新公共服务理论,它吸收、继承了民主治理的理论,同时努力将新公共管理理论中的效率和生产力理论融入民主、社区和公共利益理论之中,从而形成一种更广泛的理论体系,体现了追求公共行政诸种规范之间平衡发展的新途径,被称为公共行政发展的新范式。随着后工业社会的到来,行政理论范式的转化昭示着社会治理模式的转型,正在由管理型社会治理模式向服务型治理模式转变,新公共管理所倡导的治理改革显得偏颇暗淡,社会治理的“公共服务”成为当代世界范围的新焦点。我国在经济发展的同时,不断深化行政管理体制改革,着力建设保障和改善民生的服务型政府已成为国家行政实践的新目标。本文以新公共服务理论为研究对象,通过与新公共管理理论进行比较,采用文献研究,比较研究,实证研究等方法进行系统分析,阐明新公共服务的理论优越性、时代先进性及其对当前主流行政理论的超越和创新,分别从治理主体、治理理念、治理手段和价值取向四个方面论证新公共服务对新公共管理的超越,想必有一定的理论和现实价值。在治理主体上,新公共管理强调经济方法和私人部门管理,社会治理主体仍是政府,只是通过市场竞争机制来提高政府的行政效率;而新公共服务认识到市民社会的发展,提倡并扩大公民参与,形成政府与社会的共同治理,政府的主要职能是“服务”,帮助公民表达和实现其共同利益,而非在新的方向上控制或驾驭社会。在治理理念上,新公共管理突出政府的回应性,但却忽视公私部门的差别,以狭隘的“顾客导向”及企业家精神改革政府;新公共服务通过对公民权的阐释,重新定义公民和政府的角色,政府最本质的精神应是关注公民和公共精神,公共行政人员的职责是服务公民。在改革传统公共行政的方法上,新公共管理表现得过于肤浅,拘泥于效率至上的管理模式;而新公共服务无论是在放松管制、弹性化,还是在公务员素养、决策参与和行政责任等方面都体现了新的内涵。在价值取向上,新公共管理偏好经济、效率和效能;而新公共服务秉承新公共行政价值观,注重价值理性、公正公平、民主行政,追求公共利益。通过比较论证,本文认为新公共服务倡导的治理模式更符合后工业社会的发展和文明,也与我国行政体制改革的价值理念相吻合。服务型政府建设是我国行政体制改革的目标选择,它一方面强调以人为本,保障和实现人的基本权利,凸显政府的公共服务职能;另一方面寓管理于服务之中,更好地为社会、为公民服务。据此,本文通过对“服务型政府”和“新公共服务”的契合点的分析,结合我国服务型政府建设的现实情况,提出了适合建立具有中国特色的行政管理体制的对策建议。
[Abstract]:At the end of the twentieth Century, the western world has appeared some new theory, the reform of traditional administrative management thought of the new school, which is exemplary, far-reaching is the new public management theory and practice, it reflects the new achievements in the study of public administration in theory and in practice to guide the public sector reform in western countries, but the new public popular management in Europe and other western countries when has been in dispute, one of the most influential critical theory is the new public service theory, it inherits the absorption, democratic governance theory, at the same time to the new public management theory in efficiency and productivity theory into democracy, community and public interest theory, thus forming a more extensive theoretical system, presents a new approach to balanced development between the pursuit of public administrative norms, known as the new paradigm of public administration development.
With the advent of post industrial society, the transformation of administrative theory paradigm implies the transformation of social governance pattern, is managed by the social governance mode to service-oriented governance model, advocated by the new public management reform been dim, social governance of the "public service" has become a new focus of the contemporary world in China. At the time of economic development, deepening the reform of the administrative system, the construction of service-oriented government to safeguard and improve people's livelihood has become a new target of national administrative practice. Based on the new public service theory as the research object, through comparison with new public management theory, using literature research, comparative study, empirical research methods such as system the theoretical analysis, elaborated the superiority of new public service, advanced age and transcendence and innovation of the current mainstream of the administrative theory, separately from the subject of governance, governance There are four aspects to demonstrate the transcendence of new public service to new public management by means of governance and value orientation, which must have some theoretical and practical value.
In the governance body, new public management emphasizes economic methods and private sector management, the government is still the subject of social governance, only through market competition mechanism to improve the administrative efficiency of the government; new public service is aware of the development of civil society, to promote and expand citizen participation, the formation of CO governance of government and society, the government's main functions are "services" to help citizens to express and realize their common interests, rather than to control a society in new directions. In response to the concept of governance, new public management prominent government, but ignore the private department to narrow differences, "customer oriented" and the entrepreneurial spirit of reform of government; new public service through the interpretation of civil rights, citizens and redefine the role of the government, the government should be concerned about the nature of the spirit of civic and public spirit, public administrative personnel is the responsibility of service in citizens. Leather method of traditional public administration, new public management performance is too shallow, stick to the efficiency oriented management mode; and the new public service in both elastic deregulation, or in the civil service quality, decision-making and administrative responsibilities are embodied in the new dimension. In the value orientation, the new public the management of preference economy, efficiency and effectiveness; and the new public service with new public administration values, value rationality, fairness, democracy, the pursuit of public interest. Through comparative analysis, this paper argues that the development of civilization and the industrial society advocated by the new public service governance model is more in line with, is consistent with the values I China's administrative system reform. The construction of service-oriented government is the goal of the reform of administrative system of our country, it has stressed that the people-oriented, protection and Realization of basic human rights, highlighting the government's public service On the other hand; integrating services with management, better social services to citizens. Therefore, based on the analysis of the "point of service oriented government" and "new public service", combined with the reality of building a service-oriented government in China, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to establish a special administrative China the system is suitable.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D035

【引证文献】