共和主义视角下的公民身份

发布时间：2018-04-12 15:21

本文选题：共和主义 + 公民身份　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：公民身份表示的是在民主制国家中,公民与国家之间以权利与义务为主要内容的一种关系,是政治实践的重要理论基础。对公民身份的解释有两种理论传统:强调权利的自由主义传统和强调责任的共和主义传统。近代以来自由主义成为西方意识形态的主流,它所塑造出的以权利为核心的消极公民形象也广为人们所接受。但维持民主制度及其良好的运转需要公民具备相应的公民美德,履行相应的公民义务,所以自20世纪七八十年代以来所发生和出现的一系列政治事件和现象之后,沉默了数世纪之久的发祥于古希腊时期的共和主义公民身份理论逐渐为人们所重视,其所塑造的积极参与政治生活的公民形象再次得到理论家们的提倡。本文第一章讨论公民身份的含义,分析公民身份两种理论传统。第二、三、四章分析和阐释了共和主义公民身份的标志、目的和实现条件,前两项讨论的是公民对国家的义务,后一项讨论的是国家满足公民的权利。与自由主义认为个人优先于国家不同,共和主义公民身份从整体主义出发,在价值上认为国家先于个人,公民应该积极参与政治生活,积极的公民形象是共和主义公民身份的标志。但是对于政治参与的价值共和主义学者有不同的看法,一部分共和主义学者认为公民的政治参与具有内在价值,而另一部分共和主义学者则认为参与只具有工具性价值。共和主义认为公民积极参与政治的目的是为了实现公共善,在共和主义理论中公共善是优先于公民权利的,所以公民应该积极地促进和实现公共善。在诸种公共善中,国家是首要的也是最基本的。正因为国家如此重要,所以爱国主义也成为了公民的首要美德,共和主义的爱国主义与民族主义不同,它认为公民应该积极努力地保障国家的独立和免于暴政独裁,公民所热爱的是自由的共和国。公民要能够实现共和主义公民身份的要求,需要具有政治权利、一定的财产和公民美德。这些条件的实现需要国家实行共和制度、提供财产保障和进行公民美德塑造:共和制度能够防止权力集中出现专制,保障公民的自由和参政的权利;保障公民享有一定程度的财产和其财产安全是公民积极地进行政治参与的物质基础;公民美德是促使公民为了增进和实现公共利益而积极参与政治生活的内在动力。当前中国正在进行政治体制改革,以期进一步完善社会主义民主制度,本文认为共和主义公民身份在积极公民的培养和参与制度的完善方面为我们提供了一些有益的思考和启发。
[Abstract]:Citizenship means that in a democratic country, the relationship between the citizen and the state takes rights and obligations as the main content, and it is an important theoretical basis of political practice.There are two theoretical traditions in the interpretation of citizenship: a liberal tradition emphasizing rights and a Republican tradition emphasizing responsibility.Liberalism has become the mainstream of western ideology since modern times.But to maintain a democratic system and its good functioning requires that citizens possess the corresponding civic virtues and perform the corresponding civic obligations, so after the series of political events and phenomena that have taken place and occurred since the 1970s and 1980s,The Republican citizenship theory, which has been silent for centuries since ancient Greece, has been paid more and more attention to, and its image of citizens who actively participate in political life has been advocated by theorists again.The first chapter discusses the meaning of citizenship and analyzes the two theoretical traditions of citizenship.The second, third and fourth chapters analyze and explain the symbol, purpose and conditions of republicanism citizenship. The first two discuss the citizen's obligation to the state, and the latter discuss the state's right to satisfy the citizen.Unlike liberalism, which thinks that the individual takes precedence over the state, Republican citizenship starts from holism and values the state before the individual, and citizens should actively participate in political life.Positive civic image is the symbol of Republican citizenship.However, there are different views on the value of political participation. Some Republican scholars believe that citizen's political participation has intrinsic value, while others think that participation has only instrumental value.Republicanism holds that the purpose of citizens' active participation in politics is to realize public good. In the theory of republicanism, public good takes precedence over civil rights, so citizens should actively promote and realize public good.Among all kinds of public good, the state is the first and most basic.It is precisely because the state is so important that patriotism has also become the chief virtue of citizens. Unlike nationalism, Republican patriotism holds that citizens should actively strive to safeguard the country's independence and freedom from tyranny and dictatorship.What citizens love is a free republic.To be able to realize the requirements of Republican citizenship, citizens need political rights, certain property and civic virtue.The realization of these conditions requires the state to implement the Republican system, provide property security and shape the civic virtues: the Republican system can prevent the centralization of power from the emergence of autocracy, and protect citizens' freedom and the right to participate in politics;It is the material foundation for citizens to actively engage in political participation to ensure that citizens enjoy a certain degree of property and their property security, and civic virtue is the internal motive force for citizens to actively participate in political life in order to promote and realize public interests.At present, China is carrying out the reform of the political system with a view to further improving the socialist democratic system.This paper holds that the Republican citizenship provides us with some beneficial thinking and inspiration in the cultivation of active citizens and the perfection of participation system.
【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D09

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