联邦制稳定性研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 17:16

本文选题：联邦制 + 政党制度　；参考：《环球法律评论》2013年01期

【摘要】：与单一制相比较,"联邦制天生就是不稳定的",如何维持联邦的稳定一直是联邦制研究中的一个重要议题。关于联邦制稳定性问题的探讨形成了三条主要的路径——宪法路径、社会路径和政治路径。宪法路径将联邦制视为一种谈判机制,其核心是政府间的权力划分问题,它强调宪政结构在维持联邦制稳定过程中的作用;社会路径则关注联邦制与社会多样性之间的关联,强调各种社会因素(如基于种族、族群、语言、宗教、经济等因素而形成的认同上的差异)在维持联邦稳定过程中的作用;政治路径则认为社会路径忽视了这些社会条件得以产生的政治环境,强调政治因素(如政治结构、政党制度或代表制度)的重要性。尽管在很多时候,选择联邦体制的初衷就是为了化解社会中原本就存在的各种潜在的冲突,但是,联邦制的建立并不能保证一定能吸纳并消化这些不稳定因素。有些联邦体制本身非但无力消解这些社会性的不稳定因素,而且它自身就蕴含着各种结构性的不稳定因素。但无论是社会性的不稳定因素还是结构性的不稳定因素,只有当它们难以为体制吸纳时,它们才会成为现实的不稳定因素。
[Abstract]:Compared with the single system, "federalism is inherently unstable", how to maintain the stability of the Federation has been an important issue in the study of federalism. The discussion on the stability of federalism has formed three main paths: constitutional path, social path and political path. The constitutional path regards federalism as a negotiation mechanism, the core of which is the division of power between governments, which emphasizes the role of constitutional structure in maintaining the stability of federalism, and the social path focuses on the connection between federalism and social diversity. Emphasizing the role of various social factors (such as differences in identity based on race, ethnicity, language, religion, economy, etc.) in the process of maintaining federal stability; The political path considers that the social path ignores the political environment in which these social conditions can be produced, and emphasizes the importance of political factors (such as political structure, political party system or representative system). Although in many cases federalism was chosen to resolve the potential conflicts that already exist in society, the establishment of federalism does not guarantee the absorption and digestion of these uncertainties. Some federal systems are not only unable to dispel these social instability factors, but also contain structural instability factors themselves. However, whether they are social instability factors or structural instability factors, only when they are difficult to be absorbed by the system, they will become the real unstable factors.
【作者单位】：清华大学社会科学学院政治学系;
【分类号】：D034

【共引文献】