论“共有”与“共享”

发布时间：2018-04-22 16:31

本文选题：所有 + 持有　；参考：《学术界》2017年07期

【摘要】：共有是对传统公有和私有观念的融合与发展。在社会共有模式中,全体成员共同拥有全部生产资源的终极所有权,这是社会主义社会与历史上存在过的私有制社会的根本不同之处。同时,每个个体作为社会成员的一份子,其合法的持有权以及使用权、收益权、处置权不容侵犯。马克思主义所要重建的在"共同占有"基础上的"个人所有制",其合理的理解应当是在"共同所有"基础上的"个人持有(占有)制"。全民的终极所有权主要体现为通过财政税收、转移支付等方式分享资产的最终收益,而非体现为全民性的直接持有和使用。这种"全民所有+个别持有"的社会共有模式既能体现终极所有权的公有性质,又能激发资源持有和使用主体的主动性和创造性。共有以共享为目标,不能实现共享的共有是虚幻的。
[Abstract]:Common ownership is the fusion and development of traditional public and private concepts. In the social shared mode, all the members jointly own the ultimate ownership of all productive resources, which is the fundamental difference between the socialist society and the historical private ownership society. At the same time, each individual as a member of the community, its legal right to hold, as well as the right to use, the right to profit, disposal rights inviolable. The reasonable understanding of "individual ownership", which is reconstructed by Marxism on the basis of "joint possession", should be "personal ownership" on the basis of "common ownership". The ultimate ownership of the whole people is mainly reflected in the sharing of the final income of assets by means of fiscal taxation, transfer payment and so on, rather than the direct holding and use of the whole people. This kind of "all individual ownership" mode can not only embody the public nature of the ultimate ownership, but also stimulate the initiative and creativity of the resource holding and using subject. Sharing is the goal of sharing, which cannot be shared is illusory.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院;
【基金】：作者主持的国家社会科学基金项目“正义视阈中的共同富裕思想研究”(13BKS032)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D08

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