《社会契约论》中卢梭的“人民”思想

发布时间：2018-04-30 02:12

本文选题：社会契约 + 形式人民　；参考：《重庆大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 卢梭是政治哲学史承前启后的重要政治哲学家,他足与他的前辈柏拉图、马基雅维利比肩,而他的《社会契约论》虽然短小,但仍然可以和《理想国》、《君主论》相当。它们共同处理建国的最伟大课题。《社会契约论》是近代最伟大的一份建国文献。建国(Founding)乃是最高的政治行动,也是藉以克服命运与偶然的人类技艺所能成就的巅峰所在。在这个意义上,在卑微琐屑的人世中,建国乃是唯一近乎神明的行动。因而《社会契约论》就是一项近乎神明的行动。本文处理地主题是这个神明行动中的核心要素——“人民”。全文除引言和结语外,正文包括四个部分。论文是按照卢梭《社会契约论》的文本顺序,分析卢梭各卷关于人民的论述。在《社会契约论》的“序言三章”中,卢梭交代了自己的探究原则和写作动机。首先,探究原则是关于自然与人为关系的一种设定;而写作动机的考察揭示了卢梭对理论和实践关系的看法。这两者共同构成了本文审视卢梭“人民”教诲的两个视角,是后文的基础。正文第一部分首先从正反两方面论证了社会契约的正当性。社会契约产生的“人民”是普遍的,它是任何政治体都具有的形式一致性。而到卷二的“人民”是未缔结社会契约前的人民——“民族”,是不同政治体相互划分敌友的依据,是一个共同体区别于另一个共同体的关键。卷三主要是人民和政府的关系,这包括政府产生时必然要把作为主权的人民转化为作为政府形式的人民。同时,在防止政府滥用职权及其蜕化,人民作为能动的积极要素成为行动的人民,它区别于代议制政府下人民在常态中的隐匿特征。卷四论述了人民的腐败历程和人民大会作为救治腐败的一种措施,他具有贵族制倾向。以上即是论文的大体内容。总之,卢梭展现了人民的各个面相,呈现出一个充满问题和张力的的人民形象。
[Abstract]:Rousseau is an important political philosopher in the history of political philosophy. He is equal to his predecessors, Plato and Machiavelli. Together, they dealt with the greatest task of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Foundingis the highest political action, and the pinnacle of what can be achieved by overcoming destiny and accidental human feat. In this sense, statehood is the only near-divine action in the humble world. Therefore, the Social contract is a near-divine action. This thesis deals with the theme of the people, the core element of this divine action. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text consists of four parts. According to Rousseau's theory of social contract, this paper analyzes Rousseau's exposition on people. In the preface three chapters of Social contract Rousseau explains his inquiry principle and writing motivation. First of all, the principle of inquiry is a hypothesis about the relationship between nature and man, while the investigation of writing motivation reveals Rousseau's view of the relationship between theory and practice. Both of them constitute the two perspectives of Rousseau's people's teachings, which are the basis of the later text. The first part of the text first demonstrates the legitimacy of social contract from both positive and negative aspects. The "people" produced by the social contract is universal, and it is the formal consistency of any political body. The "people" in Volume two are the people "nation" before the conclusion of the social contract, which is the basis for different political bodies to divide their enemies and friends, and the key to distinguish one community from the other. Volume three is mainly about the relationship between the people and the government, which includes that when the government comes into being, the people as sovereignty must be transformed into the people as the form of government. At the same time, in order to prevent the government from abusing its power and its degeneration, the people, as the active active elements, become the people who act, which is different from the hidden characteristic of the people in the normal state under the representative government. Volume IV discusses the people's corruption process and the people's Congress as a measure to cure corruption, he has the tendency of aristocratic system. The above is the general content of the paper. In a word, Rousseau showed all faces of the people, showing a full of problems and tension of the image of the people.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09

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