孙中山的“中华民族”建构思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 14:39

本文选题：孙中山 + 中华民族　；参考：《吉林大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：清末民初,思想界在回答中国应该如何建构现代民族国家这一时代的核心议题时,创造性地提出“中华民族”概念,为中国从传统王朝国家向现代民族国家的转型提供了中国本土化的多民族国家建构道路。在这一关键历史时期,孙中山对“中华民族”建构的探索集时代之大成,开启了中国现代多民族国家建构的道路。孙中山持中西调和的文化观,兼收中西古今,以开放的文化心态吸收中西文化传统中有利于民族团结与凝聚的元素,从而形成了较为成熟的“中华民族”建构理论。孙中山的“中华民族”建构思想经历了从“一族一国”到各民族一律平等的“大中华民族”的思想转变。他的“中华民族”建构思想体现了对中国文化传统的传承,始终坚持国家的统一与作为整体的中华民族的民族自决。在建构“中华民族”的路径选择上,孙中山的思考和探索体现了显著的中国文化性格。在处理各民族的关系上,他强调汉族在“中华民族”大家庭中的责任与担当,与费孝通先生的“凝聚核心”理论有极大的一致性,突出了汉族在实现中华民族独立的历史任务中的重要角色;在构建国族团体上,孙中山并非如新文化运动派视新旧为截然对立之物,而是以开放的文化心态,认为中国需要恢复固有道德的精粹,强调中国传统道德对民族团结和民族精神恢复方面的重要作用;在促进中华民族复兴问题上,孙中山坚持王道的民族主义,强调具有普遍感召力的“大同理想”的新文明在复兴中华民族、增进中华民族认同中的重要性。孙中山的“中华民族”建构思想开了二十世纪“中华民族”建构的端绪,奠定了此后“中华民族”建构的基调,为中国统一多民族国家的现代转型做出了突出贡献。但由于孙中山对中国各民族缺乏了解以及对“民族”的诸多误解,他的“中华民族”建构思想是未竟之业,这个任务只有随着中国共产党的民族实践,最终由费孝通先生睿智地概括总结为“中华民族多元一体格局理论”。今天,“中华民族”建构仍然处于未完成的状态,我们依旧要重新回到孙中山思考“中华民族”建构的问题意识,在总结其“中华民族”建构历史经验的基础上再出发。
[Abstract]:At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the ideological circle creatively put forward the concept of "the Chinese nation" when answering the core issue of the era of how China should construct a modern nation-state. It provides a way for the transition of China from traditional dynasty state to modern nation state. In this critical historical period, Sun Zhongshan's exploration of the construction of the "Chinese nation" has opened the way for the construction of China's modern multi-ethnic country. Sun Zhongshan holds the cultural view of harmony between China and the West, combines the ancient and modern of China and the West, absorbs the elements in the cultural tradition of China and the West in favor of national unity and cohesion with an open cultural mentality, thus forming a more mature theory of the construction of the "Chinese nation". Sun Zhongshan's "Chinese nation" construction thought has experienced the transformation from "one nation, one country" to "the big Chinese nation" which all nationalities are equal. His "Chinese nation" construction thought embodies the inheritance of the Chinese cultural tradition, and always insists on the national unity and the national self-determination of the Chinese nation as a whole. Sun Zhongshan's thinking and exploration embodies the remarkable Chinese cultural character in the path choice of constructing "Chinese nation". In dealing with the relations among the various nationalities, he stressed that the responsibility and responsibility of the Han nationality in the "Chinese nation" family were in great agreement with the theory of "cohesion of the core" put forward by Mr. Fei Xiaotong. Highlighting the important role of the Han nationality in the historical task of realizing the independence of the Chinese nation, Sun Zhongshan did not regard the new and the old as opposed to the new and the old, but with an open cultural mentality, in the construction of a national group. Believing that China needs to restore the essence of inherent morality, emphasizing the important role of Chinese traditional morality in the national unity and national spirit recovery, and insisting on the royal nationalism on the issue of promoting the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, The importance of the new civilization with universal appeal in rejuvenating the Chinese nation and promoting the identity of the Chinese nation is emphasized. Sun Zhongshan's "Chinese nation" construction thought opened the thread of the "Chinese nation" construction in the 20th century, established the tone of the "Chinese nation" construction since then, and made outstanding contribution to the modern transformation of China's unified multi-ethnic country. However, owing to Sun Zhongshan's lack of understanding of the various ethnic groups in China and his many misunderstandings about the "nation," his "Chinese nation" construction idea is an unfinished business. This task can only be done with the national practice of the Communist Party of China. Finally, Mr. Fei Xiaotong summed up a wise summary of the "pluralistic structure of the Chinese nation theory." Today, the construction of the "Chinese nation" is still in an unfinished state, and we still have to return to Sun Zhongshan's problem consciousness of thinking about the construction of the "Chinese nation" and set out again on the basis of summing up his historical experience in the construction of the "Chinese nation".
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D092

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